Cardiovascular Gross Anatomy

Question 1

identify and name anatomic structures of the CV system including atria, ventricles, pericardium, and valves

Answer 1

see pictures

Question 2

be familiar with surface topography, walls, and internal features of the heart

Answer 2

pericardium, myocardium, endocardium, see pictures, chordae tendinae

Question 3

be able to trace the normal path of blood flow through the heart

Answer 3

we got this one

Question 4

list and locate structures that provide blood supply to the heart

Answer 4

coronary arteries:

horses: left and right coronary arteries have equal contributions to myocardium; only right azygous vein present (like dog), drains into cranial vena cava

cows: left coronary artery contributes bulk of blood flow to heart; LEFT AND right azygous veins (left drains into right atrium at coronary sinus)

Question 5

be able to recognize the great vessels cranial and caudal to the heart

Answer 5

cranial: aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, which gives off subclavian artery (both L and R in cow and horse) and later on gives off the bicarotid trunk (not really present in the dog), pulmonary trunk, common carotid artery

caudal: descending aorta?

Question 6

know the location of the heart in the thorax, relative to the ribs

Question 7

be able to demonstrate the location of the puncta maxima

Answer 7

left AV/mitral valve
horse and dog: low in the left 5th ICS
cow: low in the left 4th ICS

aortic valve:
horse and cow and dog: high in the left 4th ICS

pulmonic valve:
horse and cow and dog: low in the left 3rd ICS

Right AV/tricuspid valve:
horse and dog: low in the right 4th ICS
cow: low in the right 3rd or 4th ICS