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Clinical Lab > CBC > Flashcards

CBC Flashcards

0
Q

Leukopenia

A

Low WBC count

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1
Q

Leukocytosis

A

High WBC count

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2
Q

Polycythemia/Erythrocytosis

A

High red count

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3
Q

Anemia

A

Low red count

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4
Q

What does hemoglobin carry and where to/from?

A

Carries oxygen to the tissues and carbon dioxide to the lungs

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5
Q

What two things determine normal range of hemoglobin?

A

Age and sex

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6
Q

Who has the highest hemoglobin levels? Lowest?

A

Highest: neonates; lowest: children.

Men > women; older > younger

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7
Q

What does hematocrit measure?

A

Total volume to RBCs relative to the total volume of whole blood in a sample

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8
Q

What are hemoglobin, hematocrit, and RBC count used to determine?

A

MCH, MCV, MCHC

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9
Q

Terms for high and low MCV

A

Macrocytic; microcytic

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10
Q

Mean cell hemoglobin

A

Average weight of hemoglobin in RBCs

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11
Q

Mean cell hemoglobin concentration

A

Average concentration of hemoglobin in RBCs

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12
Q

What can cause a high MCHC

A

Lab error or spherocytes

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13
Q

In what disease are spherocytes present?

A

Hemolytic anemia, hereditary spherocytosis

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14
Q

Low MCHC

A

Hypochromic

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15
Q

High platelet count

A

Thrombocytosis

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16
Q

Thrombopenia

A

Low platelet count

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17
Q

What is red cell distribution width?

A

Numerical expression that correlates with the degree of anisocytosis (variation in size of the population of red cells)

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18
Q

What can RBW monitor?

A

Therapy for iron deficiency anemia or megaloblastic anemia

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19
Q

When does a RDW increase and decrease?

A

Increases when new, normal sized RBCs are produced; decreases as normal cell population becomes the majority

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20
Q

Mean platelet volume

A

Numerical expression of platelet size

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21
Q

Primary function of neutrophils

A

Phagocytosis

22
Q

High number of neutrophils

A

Neutrophilia

23
Q

Neutropenia

A

Low number of neutrophils

24
Q

Two types of neutrophils

A

Bands and segs

25
Q

Eosinophils- function

A

Pro-inflammatory cells capable of protecting or damaging the host depending on the situation

26
Q

Eosinophils- neutralize, phagocytic, toxic to???

A

Neutralize basophil products; mildly phagocytic; granules are toxic to parasites

27
Q

Basophil- primary function

A

Enhance immuno-inflammatory reaction

28
Q

High basophil count

A

Basophilia

29
Q

Basopenia

A

Low basophil count

30
Q

What two low cell counts are usually a problem?

A

Basopenia and monocytopenia

31
Q

Lymphocyte function depends on what?

A

Type of lymphocyte

32
Q

T cells vs B cells

A

T cells- cellular immunity; B cells- humoral immunity

33
Q

High lymphocyte count

A

Lymphocytosis

34
Q

Lymphocytopenia

A

Low lymphocyte count

35
Q

Reactive/Atypical lymphs

A

Lymphocytes look difference when responding to various stimuli; usually during viral infections like mono

36
Q

Monocytes- major function

A

Phagocytosis

37
Q

High monocyte count

A

Monocytosis

38
Q

Monocytopenia

A

Low monocyte count

39
Q

Spherocytes are found in

A

Hemolytic anemia and hereditary spherocytosis

40
Q

Target cells are found in…

A

IDA, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia

41
Q

Schistocytes are found in…

A

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemias

42
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies are found in…

A

Post-splenectomy

43
Q

Reticulocyte count measures

A

Percentage of reticulocytes

44
Q

Why can reticulocytes be stained?

A

They contain RNA, mature RBCs don’t

45
Q

What does the reticulocyte count show?

A

How quickly they are being produced and released by bone marrow

46
Q

What would cause an increased rate of RBC production?

A

Bleeding or hemolytic anemia

47
Q

Lower percentage of reticulocytes

A

Caused by a nutritional deficiency

48
Q

What does erythrocyte sedimentation rate determine?

A

Presence of inflammation

49
Q

Do RBCs fall faster or slower during an illness?

A

Faster

50
Q

What does the bone marrow exam evaluate?

A

Various hematopoietic disorders like leukemia, lymphomas, anemias

51
Q

What additional thing can bone marrow exams determine?

A

If leukemia is in remission

52
Q

What tests can monitor disease therapy?

A

ESR, bone marrow exam

Clinical Lab (2 decks)

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