CB2 Cells And Control

Question 1

What part of the brain controls muscle coordination and balance

Answer 1

Cerebellum

Question 2

The largest part of the brain is the cerebrum and is divided into 2 halves called cerebral hemispheres
The right side controls muscles in the left side of the body and left side of the cerebrum controls the right
What else does it do?

Answer 2

Responsible for movement intelligence memory language and vision

Question 3

The medulla oblong at a controls unconscious activities of the body like what

Answer 3

Breathing and heart rate

Question 4

What is the central nervous system

Answer 4

Made of the brain and the spinal chord(that runs down the spine)and relay info to the whole body

Question 5

What are the spinal chord and brain made of

Answer 5

Neurones(nerve cells)
Spine -Made of long columns of neurones
Brain-Made of many interconnected neurones

Question 6

Accessing the brain with tools to cut open the skull is risky,what other methods are used to access the brain

Answer 6

PET scanning and CT scanning

Question 7

How are CT scanners used to access the brain

Answer 7

They use x-rays to produce the image of the brain whilst not showing the functions

Question 8

How are Pet scanners used to access the brain

Answer 8

They use radioactive chemicals to show which parts of the brain are active showing the structure and function in detail

Question 9

It is difficult to repair damage to the CNS because neurones in the CNS cannot readily repair themself
Some treatments may risk permanent damage to the CNS

Question 10

Where is the cornea and lens what does it do

Answer 10

Cornea-Located on the front of the eye and refracts light into the eye
Lens-inside the eye and also refracts light onto the retina

Question 11

What controls how much light enters the pupil(the hole in the middle)

Answer 11

The iris

Question 12

1—are sensitive to dim light but can’t see colour
2—are sensitive to different colours but aren’t good in dim light

Rods
Cones

Answer 12

1rods
2cones
They are receptor cells and both cover the retina where light is detected

Question 13

Long sighted people cannot see things up close because the light meets at a point behind the retina and not directly on it .It can be fixed using a Converging/convex lense that shortens that distance the light meets so it meets at the right spot

Question 14

Short sighted people cannot see things far away because the light meets at a point before the retina and not directly on it .It can be fixed using a Diverging/concave lense that lengthens the distance the light meets so it meets at the right spot

Question 15

Colour blindness happens when cones are not working properly(most common form is red-green colour blindness)
What is the cure for colour blindness

Answer 15

There is no cure for colour blindness because cone cells cannot be replaced

Question 16

Cataract is a cloudy patch on lense that causes vision to be blurry
How is it treated

Answer 16

Replacing the faulty lense with an artificial one

Question 17

What happens after mRNA is made

Answer 17

It moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm to join to a ribosome

Question 18

What is the second stage of protein synthesis called

Answer 18

Translation

Question 19

What are base triplet sin the mRNA known as

Answer 19

Codons

Question 20

What is used to bring the amino acids to the ribosome

Answer 20

tRNA

Question 21

Amino acids are brought in certain order to match the base triplets(codons) and join by the ribosome and when many amino acids are made a polypeptide chain forms

Question 22

When the polypeptide chain folds what is made

Answer 22

A protein

Question 23

What is a mutation

Answer 23

A mutation is a rare change in the dna base sequence

Question 24

Before transcription can happen RNA polymerase has to bind to a region of non coding dna in the front of a gene
If anything changes(such as a mutation) it can affect the ability of RNA polymerase to bind to it (easier or more difficult)
How well it can bind will affect t how much mRNA is transcribed and therefore how much of the protein is produced

Question 25

Work of Mendel
Crossed 2 plants of different heights and offspring were all tall
Then bred 2 of the tall offspring and 3 were tall and 1 was small

Question 26

He came to conclusion that characteristics were shown by hereditary units. It showed the unit for tall plants (T)was dominant over the unit for small plants (t)

Question 27

What does heterozygous and homozygous mean

Answer 27

Heterozygous-different alleles e.g tT
Homozygous-same alleles e.g TT and tt

Question 28

T-dominant and tall
t-recessive for small

What would the phenotype be for the allele
1)Tt
2)tt

Answer 28

Tt-tall(dominant wins over)
tt-small(both recessive for small)