CB2 Cells And Control Flashcards
What part of the brain controls muscle coordination and balance
Cerebellum
The largest part of the brain is the cerebrum and is divided into 2 halves called cerebral hemispheres
The right side controls muscles in the left side of the body and left side of the cerebrum controls the right
What else does it do?
Responsible for movement intelligence memory language and vision
The medulla oblong at a controls unconscious activities of the body like what
Breathing and heart rate
What is the central nervous system
Made of the brain and the spinal chord(that runs down the spine)and relay info to the whole body
What are the spinal chord and brain made of
Neurones(nerve cells)
Spine -Made of long columns of neurones
Brain-Made of many interconnected neurones
Accessing the brain with tools to cut open the skull is risky,what other methods are used to access the brain
PET scanning and CT scanning
How are CT scanners used to access the brain
They use x-rays to produce the image of the brain whilst not showing the functions
How are Pet scanners used to access the brain
They use radioactive chemicals to show which parts of the brain are active showing the structure and function in detail
It is difficult to repair damage to the CNS because neurones in the CNS cannot readily repair themself
Some treatments may risk permanent damage to the CNS
Where is the cornea and lens what does it do
Cornea-Located on the front of the eye and refracts light into the eye
Lens-inside the eye and also refracts light onto the retina
What controls how much light enters the pupil(the hole in the middle)
The iris
1—are sensitive to dim light but can’t see colour
2—are sensitive to different colours but aren’t good in dim light
Rods
Cones
1rods
2cones
They are receptor cells and both cover the retina where light is detected
Long sighted people cannot see things up close because the light meets at a point behind the retina and not directly on it .It can be fixed using a Converging/convex lense that shortens that distance the light meets so it meets at the right spot
Short sighted people cannot see things far away because the light meets at a point before the retina and not directly on it .It can be fixed using a Diverging/concave lense that lengthens the distance the light meets so it meets at the right spot
Colour blindness happens when cones are not working properly(most common form is red-green colour blindness)
What is the cure for colour blindness
There is no cure for colour blindness because cone cells cannot be replaced
Cataract is a cloudy patch on lense that causes vision to be blurry
How is it treated
Replacing the faulty lense with an artificial one
What happens after mRNA is made
It moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm to join to a ribosome
What is the second stage of protein synthesis called
Translation
What are base triplet sin the mRNA known as
Codons
What is used to bring the amino acids to the ribosome
tRNA
Amino acids are brought in certain order to match the base triplets(codons) and join by the ribosome and when many amino acids are made a polypeptide chain forms
When the polypeptide chain folds what is made
A protein
What is a mutation
A mutation is a rare change in the dna base sequence
Before transcription can happen RNA polymerase has to bind to a region of non coding dna in the front of a gene
If anything changes(such as a mutation) it can affect the ability of RNA polymerase to bind to it (easier or more difficult)
How well it can bind will affect t how much mRNA is transcribed and therefore how much of the protein is produced
