CB Quiz 1 Flashcards
How are we able to observe the main components of blood?
Centrifugation
After Centrifugation, what main components of blood can be observed? Describe them.
We are able to observe blood through the centrifugation which will separate blood into 3 main parts with the lightest being on top. Blood is composed of:
• Plasma: Largest component of blood - Contains water, proteins, electrolytes - Serum may be produced after clotting removing proteins
• Buffy Coat: Smallest component of blood - Formed Element - Found in the middle of the centrifuge - Composed of Leukocytes and Platelets
• Erythrocytes: Heaviest component of blood - Contains RBCs
Describe Erythrocytes. Talk about what they contain, primary function, replication, structural significance, and where they are disposed of.
Erythrocytes:
• Also known as red blood cells, erythrocytes contain hemoglobin (Fe) and has the primary function of carrying and transporting oxygen (and some CO2) throughout the body.
• They do not replicate. They are disposed off in the spleen
• Erythrocytes have a flat, donut shaped, structure which allows for an increased surface area. This aids in the exchange of oxygen and CO2 between the blood and cell/tissue. It lacks a nucleus which allows for this shape to occur
Where are RBCs Disposed?
Spleen
Describe the Structure of Erythrocytes and it’s significance
• Erythrocytes have a flat, donut shaped, structure which allows for an increased surface area. This aids in the exchange of oxygen and CO2 between the blood and cell/tissue. It lacks a nucleus which allows for this shape to occur
What is the primary function of Leukocytes
Also known as white blood cells, leukocytes are large blood cells that serve the immune system function. Their primary function is to fend off and eliminate pathogens and infection
What are thrombocytes and what is their function
Also known as platelets, thrombocytes are non-cellular components of blood. Their primary function is clotting.
What is Thrombosis?
Blood clotting
LEARNING OUTCOME: Describe the sites of production of blood in embryos and adults.
In embryos, blastocysts have a yolk sack which is the first tissue to take the role of hematopoiesis. As it grows, the liver is formed and assumes function. Later, the spleen begins to form blood cells. Finally, 4 months into development, the bone marrow is formed.
In adults, hematopoiesis occurs in the blood marrow of bones in the axial skeleton
LEARNING OUTCOME: Describe the Main Components of Blood
We are able to observe blood through the centrifugation which will separate blood into 3 main parts with the lightest being on top. Blood is composed of:
• Plasma: Largest component of blood - Contains water, proteins, electrolytes - Serum may be produced after clotting removing proteins
• Buffy Coat: Smallest component of blood - Formed Element - Found in the middle of the centrifuge - Composed of Leukocytes and Platelets
• Erythrocytes: Heaviest component of blood - Contains RBCs
Erythrocytes:
• Also known as red blood cells, erythrocytes contain hemoglobin (Fe) and has the primary function of carrying and transporting oxygen (and some CO2) throughout the body.
• They do not replicate. They are disposed off in the spleen
• Erythrocytes have a flat, donut shaped, structure which allows for an increased surface area. This aids in the exchange of oxygen and CO2 between the blood and cell/tissue. It lacks a nucleus which allows for this shape to occur.
• Too many Erythrocytes cause a condition called erythrocytosis. Too little causes Anemia which causes fatigue due to the lack of oxygen
Leukocytes:
• Also known as white blood cells, leukocytes are large blood cells that serve the immune system function. Their primary function is to fend off and eliminate pathogens and infection
Thrombocytes:
• Also known as platelets, thrombocytes are non-cellular (non-living) components of blood with the primary function of clotting or thrombosis
Hematopoiesis
Hematopoiesis is the process in which hematopoietic stem cells give rise to blood cells
LEARNING OUTCOME: Outline the Derivation of Cellular Elements of Blood
Hematopoiesis is the process in which hematopoietic stem cells give rise to blood cells. Embryos have pluripotent stem cells that can turn into any type of cell (blood cell) but adults only have multipotent stem cells that can only turn into a select few. In both cases these stem cells become unipotent stem cells that undergo a process to become the desired blood cell type.
What are the Primary and Secondary lymphoid organs
Bone Marrow
Thymus
Lymph Nodes
Spleen
MALT
What are the main functions (not each one) of the lymphoid tissues/organs
Lymphoid tissues/organs are responsible for immune system function. Primary lymphoid tissues include the bone marrow and the thymus. They are responsible for the production and maturation of lymphocytes. The secondary lymphoid tissues include the lymph nodes, spleen and MALT. They are responsible for detecting infection, handling blood, maintenance, and protection against infection.
Describe the Location and Function of the Bone marrow. Also give the function of what they produce.
Bone marrow found in the axial skeleton is a primary lymphoid. It’s primary function is the production of B-lymphocytes.
B lymphocytes are responsible for the body’s Humoral Immune Response. This involves the production of antibodies against an antigen presented by pathogens or infecting bodies. They also produce memory cells which allow for a quicker and more efficient immune response if the same infection occurs again.
Describe the location and function of the Thymus gland. Also give the function of what it produces.
The Thymus gland is a primary lymphoid organs that is found in the front of the thorax anterior to the heart. T cells are responsible for the Cellular Immune Response where they identify and destroy already infected cells.
Where is the Thymus Gland Located
Found in the front of the thorax and anterior to the heart
What is the Humoral Immune Response
It is where B-lymphocytes produce antibodies in response to antigens presented by pathogens or an infecting body
What is the Cellular Immune Response
It is where T-lymphocytes identify and destroy already infected cells.
Where is the hematopoietic bone marrow located
Axial Skeleton
What are lymph nodes and where are they located? Indicate its functions.
Lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid tissues that are found within capillary beds that carry a high concentration of lymphocytes. Their functions are:
- Carry excess fluid back to the venous system
- Act as strainers filtering pathogenic material, cancer material, and large objects from entering the blood (causes swelling when infected)
Describe the spleen with its location. Explain it’s function
The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ located behind the left ribs and next to the stomach. It is highly vascular which can cause heavy bleeding from trauma. The spleen is contained within a capsule and has white and red pulps where it stores a high concentration of lymphocytes and disposes of RBCs.
Describe MALT giving its location and function.
How is MALT different between children and adults
MALT or Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue is located in the Tonsils and Peyer’s patch in the small intestine. It contains a large amount of B and T lymphocytes to fight infection.
More MALT is found in children when compared to adults as children explore the world with their mouth.
What Does MALT Stand For
Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue