CAVERNOUS SINUS SYNDROME

Question 1

what passes through cavernous sinus ?

Answer 1

Cavernous Sinus and Superior Orbital fissure syndrome:
* All 3 nerves pass through – likely 3rd,4th and 6th
* Ophthalmic division of the Trigeminal will give pain/loss of sensation
* Lesions in posterior Cav Sinus can affect the maxillary div of the Trigeminal nerve

Question 2

CSS signs

Answer 2

Ophthalmoplegia + red eye, ptosis, and facial sensory loss, proptosis, orbital (ocular and conjunctival) congestion, sympathetic disturbance and Horner’s syndrome due to MCNP of the CN III, IV, and VI responsible for ocular movements and pupillary function, and at least one branch of the CN V. However, CSS does not involve the optic nerve = no VA reduction = clear diplopia.

Question 3

css Aetiology

Answer 3

The most common causes of CSS are neoplastic (metastatic including head and neck tumours and primary tumours such as lymphoma), traumatic, vascular (aneurysms, fistulas, and thrombosis), congenital, infectious (fungal infection), inflammatory or granulomatous pathologies involving CS, and Tolosa Hunt syndrome (THS), the idiopathic granulomatous inflammation involving CS.