Causes of WW1 - topic 1

Question 1

Who was in the triple alliance?

Answer 1

Germany,Austria-Hungary and italy

Question 2

Who was in the Triple Entente?

Answer 2

France, Russia and Britain

Question 3

When was the dual alliance formed , who was it between and why ?

Answer 3

It was formed in 1879 between Germany and Austria-Hungary as they were natural allies and had similar Culture, language and history.

Question 4

When did Italy join the dual alliance to form the triple alliance and why?

Answer 4

1882 the

Question 5

When was the Franco-Russian signed , between who and why?

Answer 5

It was formed in 1892 between France and Russia as a result of france wanting to protect itself after recent war and both felt threatened by Germany.

Question 6

When was the triple entente formed and why?

Answer 6

It was formed in 1907 as France already had alliances with both countries so it made sense to do a 3 way alliance.

Question 7

When was the entente cordial signed ,who between and why?

Answer 7

It was formed in 1904 between Britain and France as Britain was becoming concerned about the threat of Germany’s growing army and felt it was a good idea to sign an alliance with a European country so signed with France.

Question 8

Why did the alliance system not work as intended?

Answer 8

It was formed to stop war but meant any small conflict between two countries could result in world war.

Question 9

What was the year of the first Moroccan crisis?

Answer 9

1905

Question 10

What was the outcome of the Algeciras conference in January 1906 after the 1st Moroccan crisis?

Answer 10

The outcome of the Algeciras conference was that Germany was humiliated and the entente cordial was strong. In the wake of this crisis Britain started to form a relationship with Russia.

Question 11

Summarise the first Moroccan crisis.

Answer 11

France wanted to colonise Morocco, every other European country agreed except Germany as they didn’t want France to gain anymore territory. As an act of rebellion Kaiser visited the Moroccan capital(Tangier) on a white horse , surrounded by a military procession to pledge his allegiance to the Moroccan sultan.

Question 12

What did it seem the kaisers aims were after the first Moroccan crisis?

Answer 12

1) He wanted to test the French to see how far they could be pushed.
2) He wanted to test the entente cordiale .
3) He wanted to show the world that Germany was a world power and they wanted to expand their empire.

Question 13

When was second Moroccan crisis?

Answer 13

1911

Question 14

Summarise the second Moroccan crisis.

Answer 14

A rebellion broke out against the ruling sultan in fez ,the capital city. The sultan asked for Frances help so they sent 20,000 soldiers to fight the rebels. The kaiser accused the French of invading Morocco and sent a warship named “panther” to the port of Agadir as a show of strength. The British we very threatened by this act as they had a naval base in Gibraltar ,which was near where Germany looked like they might be setting up a naval base. Britain prepared for war. after a few meeting a peaceful solution was found.

Question 15

What what were the results of the Moroccan crisis?

Answer 15

1) Germany was humiliated- was unlikely to back down again.
2)many Germany people fully supported the kaiser and his actions even war.
3)Britain was now convinced that Germany was a threat to European peace. They started to build lots of battle ships.
4) Britain and France grew closer. They reached a secret agreement that they would both start patrolling the sea.
5)Italy hadn’t supported Germany, this weakened the triple alliance .

Question 16

What are the balkans?

Answer 16

A geological region in the south east of Europe that spread from Serbia down to Greece.

Question 17

Why did countries see the events in the balkans in he early 1900s as an opportunity to gain land?

Answer 17

Because the Ottoman Empire who own large areas in the balkans were slowly declining and had plans to retreat out of Europe . Many European countries such Russia and Austria-Hungary wanted to take advantage of the situation and gain land.

Question 18

Describe the events of the Balkan crisis in 1908 and 1909.

Answer 18

In 1908 there was a rebellion in turkey and Austria-Hungary took advantage of this and annexed Bosnia into their empire. Serbia were angry by the annexation of their fellow Slavic nation and asked Russia to help as they had a good relationship and many similarities. Russia then called for an international conference.

Question 19

What were the results of the international conference after the balkan crisis.

Answer 19

1)Russia was forced to back down as it didn’t feel strong enough , vowed to never back down again.
2)secret societies formed in Serbia with an aim to get revenge on Austria Hungary
3)Austria Hungary felt they had full support from Germany.
4)Italy voted against Austria Hungary further weakening the triple alliance.

Question 20

What was the Balkan league and what was their aim?

Answer 20

It was setup to expel the Turks from the Balkans .Was also supported by Russia as they felt it would be good to have a group of slavic allied next to Austria Hungary.

Question 21

What countries we is the Balkan league ?

Answer 21

Greece,Serbia,Bulgaria and Montenegro.

Question 22

What were the results of the first Balkan war?

Answer 22

Turkey withdrew from all areas in Europe, Albania gained independence and the remaining land was shared out between the rest of them.

Question 23

Why was there a second Balkan war?

Answer 23

As after the first Balkan war the king of Bulgaria felt his country should have more and declared war on Serbia and Greece in order to get it.

Question 24

What were the results of the Balkan wars.

Answer 24

1)Serbia became even more determined to be the leader of all the Slavic nations, including those living in Austria Hungary.
2)many Serbs living in Bosnia were determined that their country should break free of Austria Hungarian rule and join Serbia.
3)Austria Hungary saw the growth of Serbia as a major threat, they had a large, skilled army and were allies with Russia. They had to be dealt with.
4)Bulgaria came out of the war both weaker and intent on getting revenge on Serbia.

Question 25

What was britains “splendid isolation” ?

Answer 25

In the late 1880s and 1900s Britain was isolated from alliances with other countries.

Question 26

Why did Britain deliberately isolate itself from other European affairs?

Answer 26

Britain isolated itself as it had the largest empire
The world had ever known. Britain was the richest and most powerful nation on earth, with most trade links, biggest navy and most colonies. Britain felt it didn’t need any military or economic allies .

Question 27

What were some of the challenges to Britain’s splendid isolation?

Answer 27

-British and French had clashed over control of colonies in North America, and nearly went to war in the late 1800s
-from 1898 Germany began to build up its navy and the kaiser had ambitions to become a major world power. Furthermore, they supported the boers a group of rebellious settlers in a British colony, this angered the British.
-alliances started to form between large European powers, with Germany forming a strong alliance with Austria Hungary.

Question 28

What was weltpolitik?

Answer 28

The idea that in order for Germany to be a global power they must have an oversea empire and have control over colonies all over the world. So in the late 1800s they started to conquer countries particularly in Africa.

Question 29

What were the main aims of kaiser Wilhelm II?

Answer 29

-Weltpolitic
-increase the German navy( to complete weltpolitik and rival Britain’s)
-Build its empire

Question 30

Define: “arms race”

Answer 30

When rival countries build up their armed forces in a bid to become bigger and stronger than the others.

Question 31

Define: “Anglo-German naval race”

Answer 31

A race between Germany and Britain to have the biggest and best ships and navy.

Question 32

Define:”dreadnought”

Answer 32

In 1906 the British designed this ship that was bigger and better than any other ship out there

Question 33

Define:”fund minunten”

Answer 33

The amount of time the Germans said it would take for a dreadnought to sink one of the old German ships (5 mins)

Question 34

Define:” super dreadnought”

Answer 34

After Germany built their own dreadnought version (the Rhineland) Britain came back with a new and improved ship

Question 35

What was the schieffen plan?

Answer 35

Germanys plan to quickly attack France, defeat it and then turn to fight Russia.

Question 36

What land did Germany take after the Franco-Prussian war?

Answer 36

Alsace-Lorraine

Question 37

When was the black hand formed and by who?

Answer 37

Formed in May, 1911 by 10 Serbians that were army officers, lawyers, journalists and uni professors.

Question 38

Who was the leader of the black hand?

Answer 38

Dragutin dimitijevic, code named “Apis” who was a 26 year old colonel

Question 39

What was the black hands aims?

Answer 39

To unify all Serbs and to do this through terrorist acts,

Question 40

Who did the black hand attempt to murder in 1911?

Answer 40

Austria Hungarian emperor, franz Joseph

Question 41

What did the Austria Hungarian government do after a few attempted murders from the black hand?

Answer 41

They believed that the Serbian government was behind it (which they were) and were keen to punish them.

Question 42

Why did the black hand decide to attempt to murder archduke franz Ferdinand ?

Answer 42

-Austria Hungary announced that archduke franz Ferdinand (the heir to the thrown) would visit Sarajevo at an attempt to improve relations between the countries.
-it was set to happen on the 28th June 1914 but this date was seen as very offensive to many Serbs as it was the Serbian national day and the holiest day of the year for them.

Question 43

Who was Gabriel princip?

Answer 43

He was the leader of the 7 involved in the assassination. He was a very skilled assassin and had tuberculosis at the time of the assassination.

Question 44

Describe the events on the day leading up to the assassination .

Answer 44

1) at 9.28 archduke and his wife Sofie arrive in Sarajevo(crowds surround the streets)
2)as they parade through streets a bomb is through by on of the 7 black hand. It misses and bounces off the back of the Car but injures some civilians.
3)at 11 archduke decides to visit those injured by the bomb
4)as they passsed Schiller’s cafe the driver turned around after going the wrong way.
5)gavrillo princip had just bought sandwich from the cafe and as he came out he saw the archduke and fired 2 shots one hit the archduke in the neck the other hit Sophie in the stomach . By 12 they were both dead.

Question 45

What was the response of Austria Hungary after the assassination?

Answer 45

Franz Joseph - believed that Serbian government were involved and wanted to teach Serbs a lesson.

Conrad Von Hotzendorf (military head) - proposed Austria Hungary should declare war on Serbia.

Question 46

What was the July crisis?

Answer 46

Began with the murder of the archduke and resulted in all major powers declaring war on each other.

Question 47

What was the 10 point ultimatum?

Answer 47

A list of demands Austria Hungary gave Serbia after the assassination. Serbia were given 48 hours to accept the terms, and if not Austria Hungary would declare war on them.

Question 48

What was Serbia’s response to the 10 point ultimatum?

Answer 48

Shortly before the ultimatum was up they agreed to all the terms accept the one that allowed police from Austria Hungary inside the country. They believed that this challenged Serbia’s independence and gave them a foothold in the country.

Question 49

State the events that resulted in war after 28th of july 1914?

Answer 49

28th July- Austria Hungary declare war on Serbia and begin bombing Belgrade.
29th July- Russia supports Serbia and prepare to go to their aid.
30th July- Germany’s kaiser Wilhelm ii asked Russia’s Tsar Nicholas to stop preparing there troops. A flurry of messages went back and fourth, but Russia disagree.