Causes of upper and lower GI bleeding Flashcards
WWhat part is the upper GI
Till just beyond the duodenum
What are the most common reasons for upper GI bleeding
Varices
Mallory Weiss Tear
Peptic ulcers
Oesophago-gastric malignancy
what is a Mallory-Weiss tear
Typically small, self limiting slight superficial laceration in the mucosa to the oesophagus
Why do Mallory-Weiss tears occur
Occurs after severe and forceful often multiple episodes of vomiting
What occurs after severe and forceful often multiple episodes of vomiting
Mallory-Weiss tears
Wwhat treatment is good for Mallory-Weiss tears
Gets better by the time you get to hospital
Antacid medicines like proton pump inhibitor for little while
What do peptic ulcers refer to?
Gastric and duodenal ulcers
What is an ulcer
Ulcer is the breach of the continuity of skin, epithelium or mucous membrane with disintegration and necrosis of epithelial tissue, and often pus
What is pus?
lots of migrated in white blood cells with fluid
What should you always do when treating ulcers?
Take a biopsy
Why is there a greeny yelloy colour in duodenal ulcers?
Bile
What treatments can you do for a bleeding ulcer - spurting blood vesssel?
Clip
bipolar electrocautery catheter
What is bipolar electrocautery catheter also known as? Why?
Gold probe endoscopy
Its gold to cauterise the bleeding and gold is best conductor of electricity
What are symptoms of peptic ulcers?
Pain - epigastric
Bleeding — blood stained vomit (haematemesis)
Bleeding — passes through gut, partly digests blood(melaena)
Nausea, loss of appetite, bloating
What are signs and symptoms of oesophageal malignancy
Typically may have a problem
swallowing where food sticks as it
goes down — dysphagia
Blood loss is more often slow and may instead be noticed as anaemia on a blood test or by the patients symptoms/signs — typically iron deficiency anaemia
What is the name of malignancy that sits at the junction of the stomach and oesophagus?
gastroesophageal junction
