Causes of the First Civil War Flashcards
Contributing factors to ECW
Arrest of 5 MPs
Bishop’s war
Short/Long Parliament
Personal rule
Changes of Prayer book in Scotland
Grand Remonstrance
Irish Rebellion
John Pym
Catholic sympathisers
10 and 19 by the Junto
Causes of ECW - thematic approach
Finance
Religion
Power
Trigger - Arrest of 5MPs
Charles himself as a cause
POWER
Divine right
Long term cause
Instigated a power struggle between King and Parliament
Marriage to Henrietta Maria
RELIGION
Long term cause
Fear of Popery
Marriage is first bit of religious divisions in his reign
Associated with Irish uprising of 1641
Short Parliament
2 weeks
People not convinced C wanted working relationship with P
Parliament wanted to voice concerns
Showed their grievances
Missed opp to heal divisions
Massive failure
John Pym speech:
- infringement of P’s liberties
- Changes and innovations to religion
- Violations of Property
Attacks on gov in Long Parliament
C wanted to restore his authority
Puritans = felt P was safest defence vs popery
Moderates = wanted to change rules from 1630s
Many others wanted ‘Parliamentary absolutism’
Threat to the moderates = became constitutional royalists
Long Parliament
Pym repeated speech
Popish plot - ‘evil councillors’
Wentworth + Laud arrested
Couldn’t be dissolved - Scots still in Eng
Parliament dominated by Junto
Junto
Pym, Earl of Bedford, Lord Brooke etc.
Wanted to become king’s advisors
In collusion with Scots
Made effective speeches
Failure - Charles didn’t want power restricted
Trial of Strafford (Wentworth) - use in essay
‘Constructive treason’
King not allowed to attend - disrespectful
King forced to sign off death - Act of Attainder.
Advised to by HM
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
Not yet over - signed Triennial act
Irish Rebellion - Use in essay
Nov 1641
Irish Catholics slaughtered Prots
Sparked accusations against Catholics
Same time as GR
Henrietta = Popery?
Propaganda victory for Prots
Not huge factor until paired with GR
Pym points fingers at HM
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
Grand Remonstrance - use in essay
John Pym - aggressor
Kept MPs overnight - swayed vote
159-148 votes
Alienated lots in Parliament - Defectors joined royalists
Personal attack on Charles
Everything wrong with Gov
204 articles
Radical - Charles gained supp
Published to people
Cause cant be seen as one sided
EXTREME IMPORTANCE - 2nd most really
Arrest of 5MPs - use in essays
King accused 5 MPs and one Lord of treason
Stormed into Parliament with army in attempt to arrest them himself
Already informed and were in safety
Violated Parliamentary privilege
Charles never came back to London
CATALYST FACTOR for ECW
