causes of rebellion Flashcards
what were the political causes of rebellion
dynastic threats
factions
what were the dynasic issues under henry VII
dynastic threats were a major cause of rebellion due to henrys weak claim to the throne
lovell and stafford raised troops in 1486
simnel pretended to be earl of warwick
warbeck pretended to be duke of york - he was backed by france and scotland
what were the dynastic issues under henry VIII
Recent divorce from Catherine of Aragon, wanted Mary legitimised and restored to the line of succession.
what were the dynastic issues under mary
lady jane grey wanted to overhrow mary 1553
wyatt feared the consequence of marys marriage to philip of spain so wanted off the throne
what were the dynastic issues under elizabeth
with no children her succession was doubtful and some rebellions exploited this
northern earls - mary queen of scots threatened to be heir
essex - earl of essex wanted to force elizabeth to acknowledge james VI as heir.
how did factions cause rebellion
amicable grant 1525 supporters were those who opposed wolsey
PoG inspired by pro aragonese faction wanted mary as a successor
essex - he had been suspended from the privy council
How did closing the monasteries cause religious rebellion?
Closure of the monasteries in northern England
- POG: Over 100 monasteries and abbeys were scheduled to be closed and opposition to the dissolution was a dominant factor. Argued social and economic services would be affected, education would decline.
- Western: 13/14 articles were about restoration. they rejected prayer book and marched under the five wounds of christ
How did fear of religious reform cause rebellion
Kett’s and Western, both a reaction to the introduction of protestant reforms, but underlying social tensions especially in Western Rebellion
- Kett’s rebellion: protest at the slow rate of progress Protestantism was making in eastern England. Wanted better educated clergy, competent teaching of catechism, good-quality sermons.
- Wyatt: Some people joined due to concern at Mary’s attachment to Roman Catholicism and her intention to marry Philip of Spain. (Fear of Catholic reformation)
- Northern Earls: leading protagonists Catholic. Rebel proclamations suggest widespread Catholic sentiment. Religion cloak for political motives? Reaction to Protestant reforms
What were the main economic and social causes of rebellion
- Taxation
- Enclosures
- Famine and disease
- Inflation
- Social issues
How did taxation cause rebellion?
- 1489 Yorkshire, 1497 Cornwall and 1525 Amicable Grant, taxation was the main cause of rebellion and a contributing factors, albeit minor, in bringing about PoG and the Western Rebellion.
- Yorkshire 1489, traditionally south had funded wars against France and northern counties defended the Scottish border. Bad harvest 1488.
- Cornish 1497, asked to fund war against the Scots. Recalled outcome of Yorkshire.
- Amicable Grant 1525. Non-parliamentary taxes. Shortage of coinage, unemployment following fall in wool prices.
- Western 1549, sheep and wool tax.
how did enclosure cause rebellion
PoG one of rebel demands called for pulling down of enclosure
kett first article attacked enclosures
oxfordshire rebels thought that enclosures added to inflation and food prices
How did inflation cause rebellion?
- Main losers were wage earners, day labourers, journeymen and tenants at will
- Wages failed to keep pace with prices, employment opportunities declined
- Inflation was a precondition for economic and social disorder that prevailed in some part of the country in the 1530s to 1550s and the 1580s to 1590s, and which erupted into violence in 1536 and 1549.
- Aske and Kett referred to the impact that inflation was having on the price of land.
- Combined with economic effect of dissolution of the monasteries on the poor.
was religion the MOST important cause of rebellion
It was only important in the period after the break with Rome and was not a cause after 1569. Even within the period 1536-69 it was not always the main cause and may have been a cloak for political causes e.g PoG or NE
were dynastic issues the MOST important cause of rebellion
was the most important cause of rebellion when succession was questionable. this was evident in the beginning of henrys reign and elizabeths reign.
Why did rebellion occur in Ireland?
- Resent interference from central government in the administration of its affairs.
ireland looked to the pope as their leader not the monarchy
