Causes Of Pneumonia

Question 0

How is typical and atypical pneumonia treated?

Answer 0

Typical - benzylpenicillin

Atypical - Clarithromycin

Question 1

What is the difference between typical and atypical pneumonia?

Answer 1

Typical - abrupt onset, high fever, purulent sputum, focal consolidation.
Atypical - gradual fever, malaise, dry cough, headache.

Question 2

Streptococcus pneumonia

Answer 2

Gram +ve, lives in resp tract, rapid multiplication, abrupt onset illness, very ill and medical emergency

Question 3

Haemophilus Influenza

Answer 3

URTI common, usually encapsulated, small pleural effusions can occur, empyema and cavitations are rare

Question 4

What type of pneumonia is caused by haemophilia influenza?

Answer 4

Bronchopneumonia

Question 5

What type of pneumonia is caused by streptococcus pneumonia

Answer 5

Lobar pneumonia

Question 6

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 6

Skin commensal, can become pathogenic when secondary to a viral infection. Will make holes in the lung. Lung tissue lysis leads to cavitation. Septicaemia, empyema and abscesses are common

Question 7

Klebsiella

Answer 7

Gram -ve, colonise oropharynx, nosocomial (occurs in hospital), very ill, comorbitiy common, haemoptysis, poor prognosis. Happens in aspiration

Question 8

What type of pneumonia does klebsiella cause?

Answer 8

Abscessing bronchopneumonia

Question 9

Escherichia Coli

Answer 9

Gram -ve, comorbidity, chronically ill patient, aspiration, often lower loves, poor prognosis

Question 10

Pseudomonas Aeriginosa

Answer 10

Gram -ve, chronically ill ie CF, COPD, structural lung disease, gradual onset, copious very green sputum, Xray appearance cotton wall patches

Question 11

Legionella Pneumophilia

Answer 11

Gram -ve, water or air con spread, immunosuppressed, causes dry cough, fever, myalgia, diarrhoea, rash, oliguria, renal failure, hepatosplenegaly

Question 12

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 12

Closed populations, 50% URTI, athralgias, affect neuromuscular junction, diarrhoea, myocarditis, hepatitis, immune haemolytic anaemia, skin eruptions, vomiting

Question 13

Chlamydia psittacci

Answer 13

Intercellular bacterium, inhalation from birds, fever, myalgia, macular rash, severe cough, splenomegaly, dyspnoea, depression. Need prolonged treatment

Question 14

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 14

Foreign travel, immunocompromised, gradual onset, fever, chest pain, weight loss, dry cough, haemoptysis, cavitation, effusion, miliary

Question 15

Pneumocystitus carinii

Answer 15

Very very breathless, immunocompromised, fungus, dry cough, fever, weight loss

Question 16

Fungal (aspergillus, cryptococcus)

Answer 16

Immunocompromised, similar to bacterial pneumonia, cavitation common, haemoptysis and weight loss, poor prognosis

Question 17

Which bugs may cause pneumonia in a healthy individual?

Answer 17

Strep pneumonia and bugs during an outbreak, due to occupation, birds, water

Question 18

Which bugs cause pneumonia in hospitals?

Answer 18

MRSA, Gram -ve, Staph aureus

Question 19

Which bugs cause pneumonia in immunosuppressed individuals?

Answer 19

PCP (pneumocystitis carinii), TB, fungal

Question 20

Which bugs responsible for pneumonia are gram negative?

Answer 20

Klebsiella, Legionella Pneumophilia, pseudomonas aeriginosa, E Coli