Causes of disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is aetiology?

A

This is the cause of disease

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2
Q

What is the meaning of idiopathic?

A

Any disease that is of uncertain or unknown origin

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3
Q

What is the meaning of sporadic ?

A

A disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly

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4
Q

What are the two types of disease causes ?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic

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5
Q

What are some intrinsic causes of disease?

A

-Changes in an individuals genome
-Inherited mutations and other genetic variations
-De novo mutations
-Epigenetics modification
-

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6
Q

What are de novo mutations?

Give an example of a disease which arises this way

A

A genetic alteration that is present for the first time in one family member as a result of a variant.

Example - Cancer

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7
Q

What do intrinsic factors tend to do?

A

Typically alter the function of gene

example more/less protein or reduced function of protein

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8
Q

What are the two ways intrinsic causes can manifest ?

A

Cell autonomously

Cell non-autonomously

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9
Q

What is cell autonomously ?

A

This is when only the genotypically mutant cells while show the mutant phenotype
e.g -
Cell X no longer expresses structural protein Y meaning cell x is the wrong shape.

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10
Q

What is cell non-autonomously?

A

This is the ability of the genes to affect processes taking place outside the cell.
e.g
Cell X no longer secretes protein hormone Y so cell Z no longer functions

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11
Q

What are some extrinsic factors?

A
Injury
Infection
Nutrition /diet
Lifestyle
Chemical poisoning
Radiation exposure
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12
Q

What are some examples of “grey areas” both intrinsic and extrinsic?

A

Allergies as they are due to sensitive immune system (Intrinsic)
Due to allergens(Extrinsic)

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13
Q

What can extrinsic refer to ?

A

Outside body, cell,tissue,organ

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14
Q

What are genetics and environmental causes ?

A

Due to inherited gene variants

Exposure to solvents etc

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15
Q

What are some examples of intrinsic caused disorders?

A

Down syndrome -Trisomy of chromosome 21

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16
Q

What are some examples of extrinsic disorders?

A

SARS-COv-2 virus