Causes of CNS Damage

Question 1

CNS cells are highly metabolically active, and therefore are sensitive to a reduction in ___________, or variations in __________ __________.

Answer 1

OXYGEN (hypoxia + anoxia)
+
BLOOD SUGAR (hypo + hyperglycemic)

Question 2

List the 6 causes of cell damage/death in utero?

Answer 2

1. GENETIC or CONGENITAL DEFECT
2. INJURY to FETUS
3. MATERNAL HIGH FEVER or ILLNESS
4. MATERNAL DRUG/ALCOHOL EXPOSURE
5. INTRAUTERINE INFECTIONS
6. THYROID DYSFUNCTIONS in MOTHER or FETUS

Question 3

What are the 3 typical birth related cause of cell damage/death?

Answer 3

BIRTH CANAL HYPOXIA
CORD AROUND NECK
DIRECT TRAUMA FROM FORCEPS USE

Question 4

Name the 2 bones we could break affecting the CNS cells by way of damage/death?

Answer 4

SKULL
+
VERTEBRAE

Question 5

Name the 3 ways compression can cause CNS damage/ death?

Answer 5

EDEMA
\+
HEMATOMA
\+
TUMOUR
(even small ^ones because of tight encasement)

Question 6

With direct trauma - each impact on the head produces 2 areas of __________ ___________ as the brain shimmies back and forth in the skull.

Answer 6

BRAIN DAMAGE

concussion, contusion, coup-contrecoup effect

Question 7

Multiple sclerosis involves attacks on (CNS) ________________.

Answer 7

OLIGODENDROCYTES

Question 8

Diabetes (pancreatic cell death) results in blood sugar fluctuations which can produce what?

Answer 8

BRAIN DAMAGE
+
SEIZURES

Question 9

Lupus (SLE) can cause various CNS dysfunctions, such as ___________ and ____________.

Answer 9

SEIZURES
+
PSYCHOSIS

Question 10

Name the common poisons/toxins which usually impair the cells ability to uptake oxygen?

Answer 10

DRUGS
\+
CHEMICALS
\+
ALCOHOL
\+
METALS - MERCURY and LEAD
\+
CARBON MONOXIDE

Question 11

Neurons are very resilient in repairing what?

Answer 11

NON - FATAL INSULTS

Question 12

___________ cannot reproduce or replace cells that die or fatally injured axons dendrites.

Answer 12

NEURONS

Question 13

Neuroglia are ____________ cells, and therefore capable of _______________.

Answer 13

STABLE
+
REPRODUCTION (to replace dead cells)

Question 14

What does the CNS use in place of the typical collagenous (second intention) repair?

Answer 14

GLIOSIS
aka
ASTROCYTOSIS

Question 15

What happens as astrocytes “bridge the gap” (migrate to the site of neuronal death in the CNS)?

Answer 15

CREATE A SOFT SCAR (called GLIOSIS)
\+
REMAIN ALIVE 1-2 YEARS responding
\+
DIE, REMAIN AS SOFT SCAR