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SCT3 Systems > Basal Ganglia Dysfunctions > Flashcards

Basal Ganglia Dysfunctions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the aka (and actual name) for basal ganglia?

A

BASAL NUCLEI

there are 6 basal nuclei with diff fx, but RMTs group

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2
Q

Name the 8 dysfunctions of the basal ganglia?

A
  1. AKINESIA / BRADYKINESIA
  2. RESTING TREMOR
  3. POSTURE DYSFUNCTIONS
  4. INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
  5. RIGIDITY
  6. FESTINATION / FESTINATING GAIT
  7. HYPOKINESIA
  8. ABSENT OF GRACE / EFFICIENCY IN MOVEMENT
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3
Q

Name the first 4 dysfunctions of the basal ganglia?

A
  1. AKINESIA / BRADYKINESIA
  2. RESTING TREMOR
  3. POSTURE DYSFUNCTIONS
  4. INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS
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4
Q

Name the final 4 dysfunctions of the basal ganglia?

A
  1. RIGIDITY
  2. FESTINATION / FESTINATING GAIT
  3. HYPOKINESIA
  4. ABSENT OF GRACE / EFFICIENCY IN MOVEMENT
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5
Q

What is an “inability to initiate movement” called?

basal ganglia

A

AKINESIA

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6
Q

What is “slow movement initiation” called?

A

BRADYKINESIA

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7
Q

How can the basal ganglia dysfunction, akinesia (inability to initiate movement), be short-circuited using the cerebellum?

A

USE CEREBELLUM
to
MAKE THE INITIATION MORE COMPLEX

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8
Q

The basal ganglia movement dysfunctions involve difficulty starting or stopping and/or changing course; often includes moments of ___________ at the need for a start/change in the action.

A

FREEZING

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9
Q

Describe “resting tremors”?

basal ganglia

A

BODY PART TREMORS WHEN NOT ENGAGED IN PURPOSEFUL ACTIVITY

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10
Q

What are the three postural dysfunctions associated with basal ganglia dysfunctions?

A
  1. POSTURAL TREMOR - body tremors after holding position for a brief time.
  2. FREQUENT FALLS - d/t impaired righting reflex, maybe loss of arm swing when walking
  3. POSTURAL COLLAPSE - actions which require stabilization of trunk shoulder
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11
Q

TRUE or FALSE

Postural tremors cause muscles to fatigue quickly.

A

TRUE

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12
Q

Name the aka for postural collapse?

Debra’s relative

A

TRUNCAL COLLAPSE

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13
Q

Postural collapse happens in which direction?

A

FORWARD

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14
Q

Name the 6 “involuntary movements” in regards to basal ganglia dysfunctions?

A
  1. TIC
  2. DYSKINESIA
  3. DYSTONIA
  4. ATHETOSIS
  5. CHOREA
  6. BALLISM
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15
Q

Describe the involuntary movement TIC?

basal ganglia

A 
BRIEF, RAPID, SPECIFIC CONTRACTION
\+
OFTEN IN FACE / THROAT
\+
MAY BE SINGLE OR OCCUR IN A SERIES
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16
Q

The basal ganglia involuntary movement dysfunction “dyskinesia” involves body parts or full body cycling through what?
(Often circular or swaying quality (Mike J Foxx))

A

CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT LOOP

17
Q

The basal ganglia involuntary movement dysfunction “dystonia” involves which involuntary body part action?

A

BODY PART MIGRATES INTO POSITION,
OFTEN AT EXTREME END OF RANGE,
AND FREEZES THERE FOR A PERIOD OF TIME

18
Q

The basal ganglia involuntary movement dysfunction ______________ involves bilateral movements, where the parts move with each other in a writhing, _________ like action.

A

ATHETOSIS
+
SNAKE

19
Q

Athetosis usually involves bilateral movements of which parts of the body?

A 
WRISTS
or
ANKLES
or
LEGS
20
Q

The basal ganglia involuntary movement dysfunction ______________ involves body parts or full body movements that are a sequence of actions occurring along the part, often called what?

A

CHOREA
+
DANCE
(Think MJ thriller)

21
Q

The basal ganglia involuntary movement dysfunction ______________ involves explosive, large scale movements of body parts?

A

BALLISM

ie - flailing arm out uncontrollably

22
Q

Name the basal ganglia involuntary movement dysfunction which is a result of simultaneous concentric contraction of the agonist and antagonist?

A

RIGIDITY

23
Q

What is the result of the “rigidity” shortening strength battle?

(basal ganglia)

A

HOLDING POSITION REFLECTS STRONGEST MUSCLE

24
Q

Name the 2 presentations of rigidity in the limbs?

basal ganglia

A
  1. LEADPIPE

2. COGWHEEL

25
Q

Which type of rigidity of the limbs is presented as continuous resistance to movement?

(basal ganglia)

A

LEADPIPE

26
Q

Which type of rigidity of the limbs is presented as intermittent resistance (start/stop movements along a range)?

(basal ganglia)

A

COGWHEEL

27
Q

How does rigidity present itself in the face?

basal ganglia

A

PARKINSONIAN MASK

28
Q

Because of equal strength relationships in facial expression, rigidity causes what?

(basal ganglia)

A

ABSENCE OF EXPRESSION

29
Q

99 % of expressions are _____________.

A

REFLEXIVE

30
Q

What do RMTs need to be aware of regarding rigidity?

basal ganglia

A

CANNOT SIGNAL DISCOMFORT
+
CHOKING/RESPIRATION RISK (esp supine)

31
Q

How does rigidity present itself in respiration?

basal ganglia

A 
WEAKENS DIAPHRAGM ACTION
\+
REDUCES RIBCAGE EXCURSION
\+
ALTERS INHALE / EXHALE RHYTHM
32
Q

A person experiencing rigidity due to a basal ganglia dysfunction, would have an __________ breathing tendency, and ___________, especially with exertion / stress.

A

APICAL - (upper chest breathing)
+
DYSPNEA - (sudden short breath)

33
Q

Name the 2 ways rigidity presents itself in the GI tract?

A
  1. CONSTIPATION - atonic (from loss of tone)
  2. DYSPHAGIA - difficulty swallowing
    / APHAGIA - inability to swallow
34
Q

What is the “shuffling” dysfunction of the basal ganglia formerly known as?

A

FESTINATION
or
FESTINATING GAIT

35
Q

With a dysfunction of the basal ganglia, and difficulty starting gait, what may a person tend to do in order to engage the cerebellum instead?

A

THROW UPPER BODY FORWARD

36
Q

How does festinating gait appear?
(6)

(basal ganglia)

A 
ABSENT ARM SWING
\+
NO KNEE LIFT (STRAIGHT KNEE)
\+
FLAT FOOTED
\+
PICKS UP SPEED
\+
DIFFICULTY STOPPING / CHANGING COURSE
\+
FALLS EASILY
37
Q

What is hypokinesia?

basal ganglia

A

SLOW MOVEMENT

38
Q

A person with basal ganglia dysfunction will be absent of grace, often very ___________ by small amounts of activity.

A

FATIGUED

39
Q

TRUE or FALSE?

Basal ganglia is mostly inherited.

A

TRUE

SCT3 Systems (17 decks)

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