Causes, Consequences and Procedures Flashcards
Practice the most common questions
What can cause a Tail Strike?
A tail strike can be caused by:
- Early Rotation
- Incorrect Cargo Loading
- CG too aft
- Cargo Movement
- Excessive Pitch
- Windshear
- Tailwind
- Mistimed Stabilizer
Watch out for the introduction can BE caused by:
What are the consequences of a Tail Strike?
A tail strike can lead to:
* Panic onboard
* APU damages
* Debris on the Runway
* Depressurization
* Structural Damage
* Extra Costs to the Company
What would you do in case of a tail strike during takeoff?
The normal procedure is:
First, Analyze the systems and request a position to hold;
After that, Run some Checklists and if necessary, declare an emergency;
Then, Request vectors for landing; and
Finally, Land and analyze the damages
What are the consequences of a Hail Strike?
Hail strike could lead to:
- Engine Flameout
- Cracked Windshield
- Weather radar malfunction
- Damage to the aircraft
- Unreliable Air Data
- Destruction of the Radome
What’s the procedure in case of a Hail Strike?
The standard procedure is to:
- Look for possible damages;
- Request deviation from this area;
- Declare a MAYDAY or PANPAN;
- Land in the nearest airport.
- If possible, Perform a Weather Report
What are the consequences of a Bird Strike?
It depends on where the bird hits the airplane, but we can suffer:
* An Engine Failure
* An Engine Fire
* Fuel leak
* A Shattered Windshield
* Pilot Injury
* A Damage to the Fuselage
* Loss of Controls
What are the consequences for a Drone Strike?
In case of a drone strike, we can have:
* An Engine Failure
* An Engine Fire
* Fuel leak
* A Shattered Windshield
* Pilot Injury
* Airframe Damage
* Loss of Controls
What’s the procedure in case we get hit by a drone?
Generically speaking, we’ll have to:
- Maintain control of the airplane
- Check for damages
- Advise ATC
- Declare an emergency, if necessary
- Address the passengers
- Land as soon as possible
What can cause an Oil Leak?
An oil leak can be caused by:
- Poor Maintenance
- Oil line Rupture
- Material Fatigue
- Oil overheat
- Overflow
Why is an oil leak dangerous?
Oil leak can be dangerous, because it could cause:
- Engine Failure
- Engine Overheat
- Engine Fire
- Aircraft Grounding
- Extra Costs
- Ground Delay
What can cause a Fuel Leak?
A fuel leak can be caused by:
- Poor Maintenance
- Material Fatigue
- Debris ingestion
- Fuel line Rupture
- Structural Stress
What are the possible consequences of a Fuel Leak?
A fuel leak can lead to:
- Fuel Starvation;
- Engine Flameout;
- Loss of Hydraulics;
- Forced landing;
- Loss of controls; or even
- a Crash
What’s the procedure for a Fuel Leak?
In case of a fuel leak during flight, we need to:
- Check the fuel flow and tank indications
- Isolate the affected tank
- Declare an Emergency
- Request Vectors
- Advise the passengers
- Perform an Emergency Landing
Which factors can lead to a Power Loss / Electrical Failure?
This problem can be caused by:
- Generator Failure
- Material Fatigue
- Bad Maintenance
- Airframe damage
- Short Circuit
- Old Batteries
- Lightning Strike
What are the consequences in case of a Power Loss / Electrical Failure?
An Electrical system failure can cause:
- Flight screen blackout;
- Radio malfunction;
- Faulty indications;
- Higher Workload;
- Loss of Lights.
What’s the procedure for a Power Loss / Electrical Failure?
Well, we need to basically:
- Reduce the electrical workload;
- Deploy the RAT, if available;
- Continue to the closest suitable airport;
- Maintain Blind Transmission;
- After landing, communicate what happened to ATC
What can cause of Fuel Starvation / Low Fuel?
Low fuel can be caused by:
- Fuel Leak;
- Poor Maintenance;
- Material Fatigue;
- Bad Flight Planning;
- Higher Fuel Consumption;
- Mishandling;
- Headwind; and sometimes
- Excessive Holdings.
What are the consequences of Fuel Starvation / Low Fuel?
This problem can cause:
- Engine Flameout;
- Loss of Electrical Power;
- Emergency Landing;
- Higher Stress for the Crew;
- Injuries;
- Damage to the aircraft.
What’s the procedure for Fuel Starvation / Low Fuel?
In this event of fuel starvation we’ll need to:
- Try to restart the engines;
- Run the QRH;
- Declare an Emergency;
- Request Vectors and land ASAP;
- Perform an Emergency Landing or Ditch;
- After the fact, assist the investigators.
What can cause an Engine Fire?
An engine fire can be caused by
- Bird or Drone Ingestion;
- Fuel Leak;
- Oil Leak;
- Spark plug Malfunction;
- Poor Maintenance.
What are the consequences of an Engine Fire?
An engine fire could result in:
- The loss of the Engine;
- Structural damage;
- A Panic Onboard;
- Injuries;
- A Wing damage;
- A Possible Explosion.
What would you do if you suffered and engine fire during the flight?
If I had an engine fire, I would:
- First, Identify the affected engine;
- Then, Cut all Fuel lines to the engine;
- After that, deploy the Fire Extinguishers;
- Finally, Declare an Emergency and Request Vectors for the nearest suitable airport with Fire Services upon landing
What can cause a fire onboard?
Many things can lead to a fire onboard, including:
- Short Circuit;
- Faulty Wiring;
- Overheated Equipment;
- Dangerous Goods;
- Battery explosion; or even,
- Someone smoking.
What are the consequences of a fire onboard?
A fire onboard can cause:
- Structural damage;
- Reduced Visibility;
- Breathing Difficulty;
- Injuries;
- Loss of controls;
- Evacuation;
What’s the procedure for a fire onboard?
The procedure for a fire onboard is to:
- First, Put on the Oxygen Masks;
- After that, Try to extinguish the Fire, if possible;
- Then, Declare an Emergency;
- Finally, Request Vectors for the nearest suitable; airport with Fire and medical Services on standby;
- After landing, evacuate as soon as possible.
What can cause smoke onboard?
Smoke Onboard can be caused by:
- Electrical Fire;
- Equipment Overheat;
- A/C Failure;
- Hydraulic Fluid leakage;
- Engine malfunction;
- Hazardous Cargo;
- Problem in the entertainment screens.
What are the consequences of smoke onboard?
It could lead to:
- Health problems;
- Reduced Visibility;
- Panic onboard;
- Breathing Difficulty;
- Injuries;
- High workload.
What would you do in case of smoke onboard during the flight?
I would start this procedure by:
- First, Putting on your Masks;
- After that, Trying to find the source of the smoke;
- Then, Declaring an emergency;
- Finally, Requesting Vectors for the nearest suitable airport with Request Fire Services upon landing.
Straight after landing, I would evacuate as soon as possible
What are the possible consequences of ice accretion?
Ice accretion = Ice buildup = Ice formation
Ice buildup can be very dangerous, since it can:
- Affect the aerodynamic surfaces;
- Reduce the maneuverability;
- Increase drag;
- Reduce lift;
-
Increase the fuel consumption;
or even - Lead to loss of controls.
What’s the procedure in case pilots have Ice Formation?
The procedure is to:
First, Descend to a lower altitude;
After that, Engage Anti Ice systems;
Then, Perform a Weather Report;
Finally, Divert to the nearest suitable airport, if needed.
What are the consequences of a Lightning Strike?
A lightning strike could lead to:
- Electrical Overload;
- Loss of Equipments;
- Potential Equipment Malfunction;
- Reduced Situational Awareness;
- Poor decision-making.
What would you do if you had suffered Lightning Strike druign the flight?
It depends on what happens to the aircraft , but I believe I would:
- First, Analyze the systems;
- After that, Check for failures/malfunctions; and
If no damage is seen: Continue the Flightl;
However, if there’s damage: Divert
- Finally, I wouldInspect the Aircraft and Systems once landed
For which reasons would you reject a takeoff?
I would reject the takeoff for many reasons, including:
- Debris on the Runway;
- Engine Surge;
- Engine Failure;
- Instructions from ATC;
- System Failure;
- Runway Incursion;
- Windshear Warning;
- Master Warning.
What’s the procedure to reject a takeoff?
It depends on the airplane, but pilots need to:
- First, reduce power to idle.
- After that, apply Full Reverse/Spoilers/Brakes
- Then, control the aircraft over the runway and bring it into a complete stop.
- Finally, inform ATC about the problem, run checklists, vacate the Runway and address the passenger Passengers
For which reasons would you go around?
I can normally go around if I understand that my approach is unsafe, some causes could be:
- Unstabilized Approach;
- Windshear warning;
- Incorrect Configuration;
- Poor Visibility;
- Runway Incursion;
- Birds on final.
What’s the Procedure for a go around?
To go around, we need to basically:
- Apply full power;
- Increase the pitch;
- Change the aircraft’s configuration;
- Follow the missed approach profile;
- Inform ATC about our intentions and the reason for the go around.
What can cause a runway incursion?
A runway incursion can be caused by:
- Miscommunication;
- Confusion;
- Unfamiliarity with the airport layout;
- Lack of situational awareness;
- Poor visibility;
- Bad Markings;
- Incorrect Clearance.
What are the consequences of a Runway Incursion?
A runway incursion can lead to:
- A Ground collision;
- Panic onboard;
- A balked landing;
- Rejected takeoff;
- or even a runway excursion.
Which factors can lead to a runway excursion?
A runway excursion can be caused by:
- Brake failure;
- Tire blowout;
- Reverse thrust malfunction;
- Crosswinds;
- Unstabilized approach;
- loss of controls;
- Mishandling.
What are the consequences of a Runway Excursion?
A runway excursion can lead to:
- Injuries in the passengers or cabin crew;
- Structural damage;
- Crash;
- Loss of controls;
- Runway closure;
- Emergency evacuation.
What would you do if you suffered a runway excursion?
If this happened to me, I would:
- Ensure the aircraft is safe;
- Communicate with ATC;
- Address the Passengers;
- If necessary, evacuate the aircraft;
- Request emergency services,
- And finally, Write a report about what happened.
