Causes And Staging Of Renal Failure Flashcards
Define ESRF
The last stage of chronic kidney disease. It occurs over a number of years and is irreversible. It is managed using dialysis or kidney transplant
List 5 causes of renal failure
Congenital/inherited Renal artery stenosis Hypertension Diabetes mellitus Glomerular disease Interstitial disease Systemic inflammatory disease
CFR due to atherosclerotic vascular disease is commonly found in…
The elderly
Incidences of diabetic nephropathy is highest in which ethnic population compared to whites?
Asian
High incidences of ESRF due hypertensive nephropathy is found in which ethnic population compared to whites?
Blacks
Define Acute Kidney Injury
Sudden decline in renal function significant enough to produce uraemia, and also often oliguria. It’s is often reversible
Diagnosis of AKI is based on…
Serum urea levels
+/- creatinine levels
How does ACR and GFR influence the risk of renal failure?
Increasing ACR increases risk of renal failure
Decreasing GFR increases risk of renal failure
Define the albumin:creatinine ratio
A measurement of renal function by estimations of the amount of blood passing through the glomeruli per minute
Define microalbuminuria
ACR >2.5 ml/mmol in men
ACR >3.5 ml/mmol in women
Define proteinuria
ACR >30 ml/mmol
How is ACR measured and why is that significant?
Measured using first morning urine sample
It is a more accurate estimation of 24hrs urine albumin
Excludes orthostatic proteinuria
Describe orthostatic proteinuria
In OP significant urinary protein is excreted when standing up, but when lying down the urinary protein is completely normal.
Usually occurs in young adults
Has no long-term consequences
What is the normal ACR level?
<3 mg/mmol
Define the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Measures renal function by estimating the amount of blood that passes through the glomeruli per minute.
