Causes and Outcomes of the 1905 Revolution

Question 1

What were the causes of the Revolution?

Answer 1

• Peasant discontent
• Proletariat/workers discontent
• Mistakes of the Tsar
• Russo-Japanese War

Question 2

What were the events/conditions surrounding peasant discontent?

Answer 2

• 1861- Emancipation of the serfs (now able to own land they farmed on)
  
  • however, 49 year mortgage–> POORER OVER TIME
• Population Increase
  
  • more people to share land with–>LAND HUNGER (not enough land)
• High taxes( based on purchase rather than ind.’s INCOME)
• 1890s and 1901-famines

Question 3

What were the events/conditions surrounding proletariat discontent?

Answer 3

• 1890s- Indus. (under Sergei Witte)
  
  • coming tghtr of many ppl.–> CLASS CONSCIOUSNESS
• Poor living conditions- 40% of pop. had no running water
  - overcrowding
  - slums
• No trade unions to better conditions (no outlet to express afore. cond.–> build up)

Question 4

What were the events/conditions surrounding the mistakes of the tsar?

Answer 4

• Repressive measures- under Alex. 3 and Nick
  
  • exiles to Siberia,execution,Cossack troops
• Russification- turns minorities against tsar
• reliance on poor advisors(e.g: Pobedonestov and Plehve)- 2 go to war with J.
  - didn’t listen to SW

Question 5

What were the events/conditions surrounding the Russo-Japanese War?

Answer 5

• Numerous defeats at the hand of the Japanese
• Port Arthur: Japan besieges Russia
  - surrender after 157 days
• Aug 1905- Korea surrendered to Japan
  - Angers already dissat. pea. + pro.
  - don’t rrly care about Japan–> waste of time and life

Question 6

What were the outcomes of the 1905 Revolution?

Answer 6

• Reform: October Manifesto
• Days of Freedom
• Anti-reform: Fundamental Laws

Question 7

Describe the October Manifesto

Answer 7

• state duma (parliament) was formed
  - freedom of speech,assembly + worship
  - legalisation of pps. + tu.s

Question 8

What were the Fundamental Laws

Answer 8

• Tsar could veto any decisions made by state duma
  
  • Tsar could dismiss at any time
  • Tsar could change electoral system
  • sole commander of the army and navy- giving him the power to crush any upr.

Question 9

Describe the Days of Freedom

Answer 9

• 17 October to early December
• unheard of level of press freedom
• allowed for the organisation of new pps.
  
  • over 400 meetings had taken place

Question 10

Describe the limitations of the State Duma

Answer 10

• Could not appoint or dismiss state ministers
• Constant dismissal- first duma 73 days, second 103 days
• Electoral reforms–> shrunken franchise
  - removal of non-russians,
  - electoral reforms (restriction on peasants and worker voting rights)

-Indirect elections-multiple layers

Question 11

Name 5 specific policies of Witte’s economic reform

Answer 11

-

Question 12

What happened during Bloody Sunday

Answer 12

• Father Gapon,an orthodox priest, attempted to lead a march of URF to the WP
  
  • 2 present royal petition to relieve them of poor w.conditions,more political voice,end war
• induced panic in the capital
• marchers fired on + charged by cavalry
  
  • 200 killed

Question 13

List the causes of Bloody Sunday

Answer 13

• Worsening of conditions under the Russo-Japanese war

- long term peasant + worker discontent

Question 14

What were the consequences of Bloody Sunday?

Answer 14

• general loss of faith in the tsar
  
  • news of bloody sunday rages throughout russia–>casualities often exaggerated
• revolution!

Question 15

How did Bloody Sunday cause the 1905 revolution?

Answer 15

• Loss of faith in the csar
  
  • news spread all over Russia
    - excacerbatedby casualties being exaggerated
• Last straw–> catalyst for revolt
  
  • already angered by Russo Japanese War(Russia fighting against Japan)

Question 16

When was Bloody Sunday?

Answer 16

-January 1905