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History AS Level: The Russian Revolution > Bolshevik Consolidation of Power > Flashcards

Bolshevik Consolidation of Power Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the five key policies of the Bolsheviks after the revolution?

A

-First Decree on Peace
-The Decree on Land
-The Decree on Workers’ Control
-Gosplan/Decree on Nationalisation
-The Decree on The Press
-

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2
Q

Who were the ‘whites’

A

-loose confederation of anti communist forces

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3
Q

List 4 key features of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

A
  • handed over Finland, Poland, the Baltic provinces, Ukraine and Transcaucasia to the Central Powers,
  • together with one-third of the old empire’s population, one-third of its agricultural land and three-quarters of its industries.
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4
Q

Describe key features of war communism

A
  • Grain requisitioning
  • Ban on private trade/nationalisation
  • Rationing
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5
Q

What were the problems with War Communism

A
  • Peasant opposition + resentment (refusal,reduction to substinence level)
  • famine
  • decreased productivity (1920, less than half that it had been in 1913)
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6
Q

Why did the Bolsheviks win the civil war

A
  • disunited whites
  • Trotsky as a leader/strategist
  • war communism-supplies
  • bolsheviks united bcus of terror
  • control over main cities(Moscow and Petrograd) + railway
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7
Q

Why did the Kronstadt rebellion occur

A

-discontent of war communism

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8
Q

Describe the events of the Kronstadt revolution

A
  • sailors of Kronstadt gave set of 15 demands: (e.g: freedom of speech,end of bolshevik complete power)
  • they establish control of Kronstadt
  • Bolsheviks order black out on the island
  • assault of 45,000 troops launched
  • March 18-revolt crushed
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9
Q

What were the consequences of the Kronstadt rebellion

A
  • abolition of grain requisition

- the end of war communism in general

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10
Q

How did the NEP differ from war communism

A
  • mixture of privatisation and nat.
  • tax instead of grain requisitioning
  • small-scale enterprises denationalised
  • Money was reintroduced
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11
Q

Why did Lenin introduce the NEP

A
  • Kronstadt Rising–> uprising of those who had been sup. of Oct.R.
  • 2 improve the economy crushed by war
    • ->IP: 13% of pre-war volume
  • 2 keep proletariat + peasantry tgthr
  • war communism= iw return to villages due to fs
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12
Q

Why did the Bolsheviks issue decrees?

A

-in order to deal with the problems created by the war

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13
Q

What did the Decree on Peace call for?

A

-peace without annexations

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14
Q

What did the Decree on Land allow?

A

-legalised peasant land seizure

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15
Q

What was the outcome of the Decree on Land?

A
  • won over some peasants

- won over some SRs

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16
Q

What did the Decree on Worker’s Control allow/dictate?

A
  • legalised the takeover of factories

- ordered workers’ committees to maintain ‘the strictest order and discipline’

17
Q

What was the outcome of the Decree on Workers

A

Because workers took over the factories and deposed their bosses

 - fall in output as 
     - no one to ensure productivity
18
Q

What was Gosplan

A

-The government body responsible for national economic planning

19
Q

What did Gosplan achieve

A
  • nationalized banks and railways
  • cancelled foreign debts
  • began to develop the transport network
20
Q

What put major industrial enterprises under central government control?

A

-Decree on Nationalization

21
Q

What was Gosplan?

A

-The government body responsible for national economic planning

22
Q

What did Gosplan achieve

A
  • nationalised banks and railways
  • cancelled foreign debts
  • began to develop the transport network
23
Q

What nationalised industrial enterprises?

A

-Decree on Nationalisation

24
Q

When did they hold constituent elections?

A

-November 1917

25
Q

Why did the Bolsheviks hold the constituent assembly?

A

-hoped to legitimise

26
Q

What percentage did the Bolshevik win?

A

-20%

27
Q

What percentage did the SRs win?

A

-40%

28
Q

What were the terms of the Brest-Litovsk treaty?

A
  • Handed over Finland, Poland,the Baltic provinces,etc.
    • 1/3 of the empire’s population
    • 1/3 of the agricultural land
    • 3/4 of industry
  • No propaganda in ceded areas
  • follow up agreement: 6 billion marks in reparations

History AS Level: The Russian Revolution (7 decks)

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