Causes and Events of First Civil War - 1640-1646

Question 1

Charles’ attempt on the 5 members

Answer 1

4th Jan 1642
Charles attempts to arrest leading MPs (Pym, Hampden) using armed guard
5 members escape
Charles flees London as a result
Makes Charles seem untrustworthy

Question 2

Strafford’s trial and execution

Answer 2

Stafford immediately imprisoned (1640 Nov)
Impeachment proceedings drawn up
Impeachment replaced by trial
Trial went nowhere so Bill of Attainder used
King forced to sign death warrant because of threats + London mob

Question 3

Assessment Ordinance

Answer 3

February
Similar to ship money
Specific tax for each county
More accurate than subsidies

Question 4

Sequestration Ordinance

Answer 4

March
Confiscation of Royalist property
Profits used to fund war effort

Question 5

Compulsory Loans Ordinance

Answer 5

May

If wealthy enough, one fifth of estate revenue goes to Parliament

Question 6

Excise Ordinance

Answer 6

July
Sales tax on essential goods
Similar to impositions

Question 7

Impressment Ordinance

Answer 7

August
Conscription
Ended Parliament’s reliance on volunteers

Question 8

Advantages of Parliament holding London

Answer 8

Largest taxable population in England (350k-400k)
Had ports, used for trading+building navy
Had a major store of weapons (1 of 2 in England)

Question 9

King’s decision on taxing+consequences

Answer 9

Left taxing up to local people
=Poor accounting
=People being let of the hook
=People expected local money to be spent on local defence

Question 10

Cessation Treaty

Answer 10

September 1643
Alliance with Irish
Caused controversy among Protestants when it was leaked that Charles promised the Irish a Catholic government
Most troops killed when they landed/prevented from crossing sea by Parl’s navy
SHIT

Question 11

Royalist Continental Alliances

Answer 11

Henrietta Maria went to continent to gather support in Feb 1642
Came back a year later with weapons and supplies
No direct help from European powers

Question 12

The Solemn League and Covenant

Answer 12

Formed in August 1643
22k Scots sent to help Parls (played huge role in MM)
Parliament promised a Presbyterian settlement

Question 13

Leading Parliamentary/Covenanter Generals

Answer 13

Oliver Cromwell
Thomas Fairfax
Earl of Essex
Earl of Manchester
General Alexander Leslie

Question 14

Leading Royalist Generals

Answer 14

Prince Rupert
Marquees of Newcastle
Montrose