Causes and development of CVD (1.5–1.7, 1.15, 1.18) Flashcards
Describe the clotting cascade
- Thromboplastin released from damaged blood vessel
- Thromboplastin and calcium ions trigger the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
- Thrombin catalyses the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
- Fibrin forms a mesh which platelets and red blood cells get trapped in.
What are the course of events that lead to atherosclerosis?
- Endothelial disfunction as endothelium becomes damaged.
- The inflammatory response occurs and white blood cells move to that area.
- Plaque formation as WBC, lipids and connective tissue build up and harden to form a fibrous plaque called an atheroma.
- Causes raised blood pressure.
What are HDLs?
Mostly protein
Transport cholesterol from the body tissues to the liver where it is recycled or excreted.
Function is to reduce total blood cholesterol when the levels are too high.
What are LDLs?
Mainly lipids
Transport cholesterol from the lever to the blood. Where it circulates until needed by cells.
Function to increase total blood cholesterol when the level is too low.
What do antihypertensive do?
Reduce blood pressure.
What are the benefits of antihypertensives?
Can give a combination of antihypertensive and can do from home
What are the risks of antihypertensives?
Abnormal hearth rhythms and fainting.
What do statins do?
Reduce cholesterol in the blood
What are the benefits of statins?
Reduce risk of developing CVD
What are the risks of statins?
Muscle and joint pain and digestive problems.
What are anticoagulents?
Reduce blood clotting
What are the benefits of anticoagulants?
Treat people who already have blood clots or CVD. Prevent new ones forming.
What are the risks of anticoagulants?
injured lead to excessive bleeding.
What are platelet inhibiting drugs?
Prevent platelets clumping together to form a blood clot.
What are the benefits of platelet inhibiting drugs?
Treat people who already have CVD
