Causality

Question 1

What is the purpose of a experiment

Answer 1

To demonstrate causality

Question 2

For causality to happen, what is required ?

Answer 2

1. Cause must precede effect in time
2. Cause and effect must be empirically correlated with one another
3. The relationship between cause and effect cannot be explained in terms of a third variable

Question 3

What are the features of an experiment ?

Answer 3

1. Establishing independent variable
2. Controlling extraneous variables
3. Measuring dependent variables

Question 4

What are the types of validity in Quantitative research ?

Answer 4

1. Statistical conclusion validity
2. Construct validity
3. External validity
4. Internal validity

Question 5

Explain what is meant by Statistical conclusion validity ?

Answer 5

1.When you do the correct analysis, without violating any assumptions.
2. You report all your analyses, even those you do not like
3. Make sure your measures are reliable

Question 6

What is meant by construct validity ?

Answer 6

1. Does a test truly measure what it claims to be measuring
2. Are your operational definitions adequate

Question 7

What is meant by External validity ?

Answer 7

1. Also known as generalizability
2. Can the results of the study be generalized to populations, times and settings that are not the same as the study sample, and other kinds of settings

Question 8

What is meant by internal validity ?

Answer 8

The degree to which a study is methodologically sound and confound-free

Question 9

What are the threats to internal validity ?

Answer 9

1. History
2. Maturation
3. Testing
4. Instrumentation
5. Selection Bias
6. Attrition (Mortality)
7. Regression to mean
8. Placebo effect

Question 10

Causality assumes that _______

Answer 10

The value of IV is the reason for the value in DV

Question 11

The credibility of an experiment depends on the _________ of the measured outcomes

Answer 11

Operational definition