Caudal and Medial Muscles of the Forelimb

Question 1

Flexor carpi ulnaris m. 
origin-
insertion-
action-
innervation-

Answer 1

Origin:

• Ulnar: Olecranon
• Humeral: medial epicondyle of humerus

insertion- Accessory carpal bone

Action-Flex carpus

innervation- Ulnar N.

Question 2

Pronator teres m.

Answer 2

action - Pronate paw

innervation - median nerve

Question 3

Superficial digital flexor m.
origin-
insertion-
action-
innervation-

Answer 3

origin- medial epicondyle of the humerus

insertion- palmar surface of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5

action:

• to flex the carpal, metacarpophalangeal & proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
• covers deep digital flexor

innervation- median nerve

Question 4

Flexor carpi radialis m.
origin-
insertion-
action-
innervation-

Answer 4

Origin:

• Medial epicondyle of humerus
• Medial border of radius

Action: Flex carpal joints

Insertion- Palmar side of metacarpals 2-3

innervation- median nerve

Question 5

Deep digital flexor m.
heads? 
origin-
insertion-
action-
innervation-

Answer 5

there are 3 heads - humeral, radius, and ulnar head

Action: Flex carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints

Origin:
H: Medial epicondyle of humerus
U: Caudal border of ulna
R: Medial border of radial

Insertion: Flexor tubercle on palmar surface of distal phalanx of each digit

innervation-median and ulnar nerves

Question 6

Pronator quadratus m.
action-
innervation-

Answer 6

Action - to pronate the paw

innervation - median nerve

Question 7

The Retinaculum

ex: and what it is

Answer 7

• Flexor retinaculum: thick fibrous tissue on palmar surface of carpus
• Palmar annular ligaments: holds superficial & deep digital flexor tendons to metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 8

carpal, metacarpal, and digital pads

Answer 8

• Carpal pads: protrudes palmar to carpus
• Metacarpal pads: largest; on palmar side of metacarpophalangeal joints
• Digital pads: ovoid & flattened

Question 9

ungual crest and ungual process

Answer 9

crest - overlaps the claw and forms a band of bone around the proximal portion of the claw
process - curved conical extension of the distal phalanx into the claw

Question 10

Annular ligaments

Answer 10

Support deep digital flexor tendon proximal and distal to palmar surface of proximal interphalangeal joint