cattle - notifiable disease

Question 1

bTB signs

Answer 1

• loss of condition
• weakness and lethargy
• recurrent fever
• swollen lymph nodes
• moist cough
• chronic mastitis

Question 2

bTb spread

Answer 2

milk
fomites
direct contact

Question 3

foot and mouth signs

Answer 3

• Lesions on coronary band and mm or tongue in mouth
• Fever
• Inappetence
• Shivering
• Lameness
• Drop in production

Question 4

bluetongue signs

Answer 4

• Lethargy
• Crusty nose and muzzle
• Redness of eyes mouth and nose
• Red skin above hoof
• Nasal discharge
• Reddening and erosion of teats
• Fever
• Low production
• Inappetence
• Abortion, fetal deformities, stillbirths

Question 5

bluetongue spread

Answer 5

culicoides midges
in utero

Question 6

anthrax signs

Answer 6

• Sudden death – bloating
• Fever, shivering, twitching
• Dry cough
• Blood in feces and nostrils
• Loss of milk
• Seizure
• Staring eyes
• Colic
• Depression
• Inappetence

Question 7

anthrax spread

Answer 7

• Inhalation, ingestion or contact with wounds of spores
• Spores in soil for decades/centuries
• Animal hides/carcasses/wool/hair

Question 8

anthrax testing

Answer 8

blood sample from peripheral vein (ear)

Question 9

BSE signs

Answer 9

• Change in behaviour
• Nervousness
• Exaggerated reactions to touch or sound
• Weakness and high stepping of hind limbs
• Reluctance to cross boundaries or turn corners
• Aggression
• Reluctance to allow milking
• Low head carriage
• Reluctance to rise to recumbency
• Tremors
• Loss of condition
• Nose licking

Question 10

BSE spread

Answer 10

• Feeding infected animal protein

Question 11

BSE testing

Answer 11

brain tissue sample

Question 12

johnes signs

Answer 12

• Stage 1 –
  o Usually youngstock
  o Silent, subclinical, nondetectable
• Stage 2 –
  o Subclinical shedder
  o Appear healthy
  o Detectable on bloods
• Stage 3 –
  o Loss of condition
  o Diarrhoea
  o Decreased production
  o Increased signs with periods of stress
• Stage 4 –
  o Emaciation
  o Fluid diarrhoea
  o Bottle jaw

Question 13

johnes spread

Answer 13

• Calves most susceptible
• Spread through feces
• In utero
• Milk and colostrum

Question 14

johnes diagnosis

Answer 14

• Fecal culture – slow
• Fecal PCR
• Serum ELISA

Question 15

BVD signs

Answer 15

• Repro – abortion, stillbirth, infertility
• Resp disease
• Fever
• Inappetence
• Diarrhoea
• Mucosal disease – diarrhoea and ulceration of gut and feet (calves)
• Weakened immune system

Question 16

BVD spread

Answer 16

• Persistently infected calves – infected in utero
• Direct contact
• Fomites
• Transient infected – 2-3 weeks

Question 17

brucella abortus signs

Answer 17

• Abortion, premature birth, stillbirth, infertility
• Decreased production
• Weak calves

Question 18

brucella abortus spread

Answer 18

• Contact with infected female
• Aborted fetal material, placenta etc
• Zoonotic