CatLog

Question 1

Explain how the Law of Non-Contradiction bears on the relationship between objects and classes.

Answer 1

Objects are individual entities that have specific attributes and exist in time and space. Classes, on the other hand, are groups or categories of objects that share common characteristics or attributes. The Law of Non-Contradiction asserts that an object cannot simultaneously belong to two classes that are mutually exclusive or contradictory. For example, a square cannot be both a polygon and a circle at the same time and in the same respect.

Question 2

Explain how the Law of Excluded Middles bears on the relationship between objects and classes.

Answer 2

In the context of objects and classes, the Law of Excluded Middle asserts that every object must either belong or not belong to a specific class. There is no middle ground or ambiguous state where an object might partially belong to a class. For example, a cat is either a member of the class of mammals or not. It cannot be partially a mammal and partially not a mammal.

Question 3

Four standard forms

Answer 3

all s are p
no s are p
some s are p
some s are not p

Question 4

Existential Assumption

Answer 4

This is the concept that things exist, if there is an object it exists (draw example)