Cationic surfactants and dyes Flashcards
quaternary ammonium compounds that
ionize in water and exhibit surface-active
properties
Cationic
Surfactants
MOA: adsorb onto surface of the bacterial
cell, at which they cause lysis
Cationic
Surfactants
inactivated by soaps and other anion
detergents
Cationic surfactants
tissue constituents, blood, serum, and
pus tend to reduce the effectiveness of
these substances
Cationic
Surfactants
Merthiolate® - New
* used as detergent, emulsifying
agent and wetting agent
* used with sodium nitrate as a
preservative
benzalkonium chloride
- Diaparene®
- used specifically for the treatment of
diaper rash in infants caused by
Bacterium ammoniagenes (causes
liberation of ammonia in
decomposed urine)
Methylbenzethonium Chloride
used as a general antiseptic
* available form: throat lozenges
and mouthwashes
* FDA approved for the treatment
of gingivitis
Cetylpyridinium Chloride
- Bactidol®, Chlorhex®, Hibiclens®
- in RP - Bactidol® is Hexetidine
- used as irrigation solution and as
mouthwash - not absorbed through skin or
mucous membrane and does not
cause systemic toxicity
Chlorhexedine gluconate
are active against
gram-positive bacteria and
many fungi
cationic dyes
bacteria that are
generally resistant to dyes
Gram-negative
- Crystal violet, hexamethyl-p-rosaniline
chloride, methyl violet, methyl-rosaniline
chloride - primary dye in gram-staining
- available as vaginal suppositories for the
treatment of yeast infections (pessaries) - available as topical solutions for the
treatment of cutaneous Candida albicans
infections - used orally as an anthelmintic for
strongyloides and oxyuriasis
Gentian Violet
ingredient of carbol-fuchsin solution
(Castellani’s paint), used topically in
the treatment of fungal infections,
such as ringworm and athlete’s foot
Basic Fuchsin
- antidote for cyanide poisoning
- in high concentrations, it promotes
the conversion of hemoglobin to
methemoglobin, which because of
its high affinity for cyanide ion
diverts it from inactivating
cytochrome C oxidase - in low concentrations, it is used to
treat drug-induced
methemoglobinemia
Methylene Blue
- used for the treatment of
cystitis and urethritis - bacteriostatic
Methylene Blue
