CATH

Question 1

Haematopoiesis?

Answer 1

blood cell production

Question 2

Blood volume of adults?

Answer 2

7%, 8% including bone marrow

Question 3

Blood cells include…

Answer 3

erythrocytes, leucocytes, and platelets

Question 4

Plasma contains…

Answer 4

proteins, electrolytes, substances absorbed from GI tract, hormones, and products of metabolism

Question 5

Sites of haematopoiesis in foetus?

Answer 5

0-2 months = yolk sac
2-7 months = liver and spleen
5-9 months = bone marrow

Question 6

Sites of haematopoiesis in infants?

Answer 6

bone marrow of all bones

Question 7

Sites of haematopoiesis in adults?

Answer 7

vertebrae, ribs, sternum, skull, sacrum and pelvis, proximal end of femur

Question 8

What is bone marrow?

Answer 8

soft, plumpy tissue that fills bone cavities

Question 9

What does bone marrow contain?

Answer 9

network of blood vessels and fibres

Question 10

What is bone marrow surrounded by?

Answer 10

fat and blood producing cells / haematopoietic cells

Question 11

What do haematopoietic cells cluster around?

Answer 11

vascular sinuses that allow mature cells into blood

Question 12

Blood precursor cells…

Answer 12

lie in close proximity to stromal cells

Question 13

What does bone marrow stroma consist of?

Answer 13

a heterogenous population of cells that provide the structural and physiological support of haematopoietic cells
tissue that is not directly involved in the primary function of blood cells production

Question 14

What is bone marrow stroma composed of?

Answer 14

stromal cells and microvascular network

Question 15

What does bone marrow stroma form?

Answer 15

a suitable environment for stem cell growth and development

Question 16

Stromal cells…

Answer 16

do NOT mature

Question 17

Examples of stromal cells

Answer 17

adipocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and macrophages

Question 18

What do stromal cells secrete?

Answer 18

extracellular molecules such as collagen, glycoproteins (fibronectin and thrombospondin), glycosaminoglycans to form extracellular matrix

Question 19

Constitutive haematopoiesis…

Answer 19

the normal generation of cells in the immune system in the bone marrow

Question 20

inducible haematopoiesis…

Answer 20

extra production of cells in times of stress

Question 21

Pluripotent cells…

Answer 21

appear as medium sized lymphocytes
capability of self-renewal
one stem cell is capable of producing 10^6 mature blood cells

Question 22

Regulation of haematopoiesis requires…

Answer 22

growth factors = glycoproteins produced by the stroma

Question 23

What actions do the growth factors have?

Answer 23

promotion of proliferation, differentiation, and maturation
changing functional activity
alter behaviour of cells by interacting with specific cell surface receptors

Question 24

How are cells released from the bone marrow?

Answer 24

only mature blood cells contain the membrane proteins required for attachment and pass through the blood vessel epithelium

Question 25

The two types of bone marrow?

Answer 25

red/hematogenous bone marrow and yellow bone marrow

Question 26

What is the membrane-blood barrier?

Answer 26

It retains/keeps immature blood cells within the bone marrow