Categorical Propositions

Question 1

What is a categorical proposition?

Answer 1

Relates subject and predicate terms

Question 2

Subject and predicate term

Answer 2

Noun or noun phrase

Question 3

A

Answer 3

Ay S are p

Question 4

E

Answer 4

No P are s

Question 5

I

Answer 5

Some pare s

Question 6

O

Answer 6

Some p are not s

Question 7

quantifier

Answer 7

“All” or “no”

Question 8

Cupola

Answer 8

“Are” “are not”

Question 9

Standard form

Answer 9

A statement having a quantifier and also subject and predicate terms linked by a cupola

Question 10

Quality

Answer 10

Either affirmative or negative depending on whether it affirms or denies class membership

Question 11

Quantity

Answer 11

Either universal (all) (no) or particular (some) depending on whether it makes a claim about every member of a set or just same some

Question 12

Distribution

Answer 12

A term is distributed only if the proposition assigns an attribute to every member of the class represented by that term. Applies to terms not propositions

Question 13

Aristotelian (traditional) perspective

Answer 13

Universal propositions about existing things have existential import, though those that are about non existing things dent don’t

Question 14

The Boolean (modern) perspective

Answer 14

No universal propositions have existential import

Question 15

Vacuously true

Answer 15

Universal propositions that have as their subjects a class of objects that don’t exist are true simply in virtue of the fact that they speak of an empty class

Question 16

Vacuously false

Answer 16

Particular propositions that have as their subjects a class of objects that don’t exist are false simply i virtue of the fact that they are contrary of a true universal proposition that has as its subject a class of objects that are vacuous

Question 17

Immediate inference

Answer 17

Have single categorical propositions as the only premise and then proceed immediately to the conclusion

Question 18

Existential fallacy

Answer 18

Formal fallacy of the Boolean logic that occurs whenever an argument is invalid merely because the premise ingles lacks existential import

Question 19

Conversion

Answer 19

An operation wherein the subject and predicate switch places (only can be used for E and I )

Question 20

Obversion

Answer 20

Two steps: 1.) change quality (affirm.or neg.) NOT quantity ( univ. Or part.) and 2.) replace predicate with term compliment (non-x)

Question 21

Contraposition

Answer 21

Two steps: 1.) subject and predicate switch and 2.) replace each word wi its term compliment

Question 22

Fallacy of illicit conversion

Answer 22

When you commit conversion to an a or O proposition

Question 23

Fallacy of illest contrapostition

Answer 23

When you preform contrabosition to either E or I propositions

Question 24

Contradictory relation

Answer 24

Opposite truth value (A-0) ( e- I)

Question 25

Contrary relation

Answer 25

At least one is false (A – E)

Question 26

Sub contrary relation

Answer 26

At least one is true (1-0)

Question 27

Sub alternation relation

Answer 27

Truth “trickles down” from A to I and £ to o and falsity “floats up” from I to A to to E

Question 28

Illicit contrary

Answer 28

When a premise/conclusion are related by the contrary relation, the premise is false and the conclusion asserts its either t/f

Question 29

Illicit subcontrary

Answer 29

When a premise conclusion are related by the subcontrary relation, the premise is true and the conclusion asserts its either t/f

Question 30

Illicit subalternation

Answer 30

When a premise/conclusion are related by the subalternation relation in a way that yields a logically indeterminate truth value, but the conclusion States a determinate truth value.

Question 31

Conditionally valid

Answer 31

. Applies to an argument from the Aristotelian standpoint when we are not certain whether the subject term of the premise actually denotes an existing thing