Catecholamines

Question 1

What are catecholamines

Answer 1

Dopamine, Noreprinephrine, Epinephrine

Question 2

What is DA

Answer 2

Dopamine

Question 3

What is NE

Answer 3

Norepineprhine

Question 4

Where is dopamine found

Answer 4

Midbrain

Question 5

What is noradrenaline secreted by

Answer 5

Adrenal glands

Question 6

How many groups of dopamine receptors is there

Answer 6

5

Question 7

Are dopamine receptors ionotropic or metabotropic

Answer 7

Metabotropic

Question 8

What are the 2 types of dopamine receptors

Answer 8

1) D1 (D1 and D5)
2) D2 (D2, D3, D4)

Question 9

What are D1 receptors

Answer 9

Increase cAMP by GS proteins, Excitatory

Question 10

What are D2 receptors

Answer 10

Decrease cAMP by GI proteins. Inhibitatory

Question 11

Which type of dopamine is the main target for antipsychotic drugs

Answer 11

D2

Question 12

What do catecholamine come from

Answer 12

Amino Acid Tyrosine

Question 13

What does the amount of catecholamine in the body depend on

Answer 13

How much tyroxine hydroxylase is active and available.

Question 14

Where are D2 receptors found

Answer 14

Presynaptic neuron

Question 15

What do D2 receptors regulate

Answer 15

Dopamine release

Question 16

What happens when D2 receptors are activated

Answer 16

decrease dopamine synthesis and release

Question 17

What happens if D2 receptors are blocked

Answer 17

Over-time, dopamine activity increase

Question 18

What is dopamine involved with/in

Answer 18

motor control, motivation, reward

Question 19

What are the 4 dopamine pathways

Answer 19

1) Nigrostriatal
2) Mesolimbic
3) Mesocortical
4) Tuberoinfundibular

Question 20

The overactivity of what dopamine pathway can lead to schizophrenia

Answer 20

Mesolimbic

Question 21

What is the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia

Answer 21

Excess DA can help with positive psychosis symptoms.

Question 22

Early antipsychotics treatment can do what to D2 receptors

Answer 22

Block it so it will decrease dopamine activity

Question 23

What are the 2 classes of antipsychotic drugs

Answer 23

1) 1st generation
2) @nd generation

Question 24

What are 1st generation antipsychotic drugs also known as

Answer 24

Typical

Question 25

What are typical antipsych. drugs

Answer 25

D2 receptor antagonist.

Question 26

What is a negative aspect of typical antipsych. drugs

Answer 26

Extra pyramidal side effects

Question 27

What are 2nd generation antipsych. drugs also known as

Answer 27

Atypical

Question 28

What do atypical drugs do

Answer 28

Block D2 AND 5-HT2A receptors

Question 29

What is the rate-limiting step in catecholamine synthesis

Answer 29

When tyrosine is converted to L-DOPA by TYROXINE HYDROXYLASE.

Question 30

What is the slowest step in the synthesis of catecholamine

Answer 30

1st, when tyrosine is converted to L-DOPA

Question 31

What is TH

Answer 31

Tyroxine hydroxylase

Question 32

How is tyroxine converted to L-DOPA, what has to be added

Answer 32

Hydroxyl group

Question 33

What are the other 3 steps of catecholamine synthesis

Answer 33

2) L-DOPA converted to Dopamine 3) Dopamine converted to Norepinephrine 4) Noreprinephrine converted to epinephrine

Question 34

What needs to be done to L-DOPA for it to become dopamine

Answer 34

Take away a carboxyl group

Question 35

Where does step 2 of catecholamine synthesis happen

Answer 35

Dopaminergic neuron

Question 36

What are specialized cells at making dopamine

Answer 36

Dopaminergic neurons

Question 37

After what steps if a neuron doesn't have enough enzymes will the catecholamine process end

Answer 37

2, after we have dopamine

Question 38

For dopamine to convert to norepinephrine what needs to be added

Answer 38

hydroxyl group

Question 39

Where does dopamine turn to norepinephrine

Answer 39

Noradrenergic neuron (Locus Coeruleus)

Question 40

What needs to be added to noreprinephrine for it to become epinephrine

Answer 40

Methyl group

Question 41

Where does the last step of catecholamine synthesis happen at

Answer 41

Adrenal medulla