Cataracts III - Galactosemia Cataracts

Question 1

Describe Galactosemia Cataract

Bilateral? Where is the cataract located? What are the 2 types of Galactosemia?

Answer 1

• bilateral
• cataract located directly under lens capsule
• Deficiency of Galactokinase: involves formation of cataracts
• Deficiency of Uridil Transferase: mental retardation of child continues to drink milk

Question 2

Describe Spherophakia

Lens size, shape and what type of refraction results. How can it lead to pupillary block?

Answer 2

• Child born with small, highly convex lens resulting in high myopia
• lens bulges forward and block flow of aqueous (pupillary block)

Question 3

Describe Lenticonus

Shape of lens, signs of lenticonus

Answer 3

• Lens capsule is too thin and creates a cone protrusion (either anterior or posterior)
• Signs: high myopia or high irregular astigmatism

Question 4

Describe Lentiglobus and how it’s different from lenticonus

Answer 4

• same has lenticonus

- entire posterior side of lens may be bulging out

Question 5

Describe Senescent cataract

What is happening to lens metabolism, which pumps slow down

Answer 5

• Cataracts that develop with age
• Decrease in lens metabolism
• See aggregation of proteins
• Na+/K+ pump slows down

Question 6

You have a patient that is highly myopic. They are born with a small, highly convex lens that bulges forward and blocks the aqueous flow. What is the diagnosis?

A. Lentiglobus
B. Lenticonus
C. Spherophakia
D. Senescent
E. Galactosemia

Answer 6

C. Spherophakia

Question 7

You have a patient that is highly myopic with irregular astigmatism. The lens capsule appears thin with an anterior protusion. What is the diagnosis?

A. Lentiglobus
B. Lenticonus
C. Spherophakia
D. Senescent
E. Galactosemia

Answer 7

B. Lenticonus

Question 8

You have a patient that has a cataract under the lens capsule in both eyes. They are also unable to drink milk due to a lack of a particular enzyme. What is the diagnosis?

A. Lentiglobus
B. Lenticonus
C. Spherophakia
D. Senescent
E. Galactosemia

Answer 8

E. Galactosemia

Question 9

Which cataract is due to a decrease in lens metabolism resulting in an aggregation of proteins and Na+/K+ slowing down?

A. Lentiglobus
B. Lenticonus
C. Spherophakia
D. Senescent
E. Galactosemia

Answer 9

D. Senescent

Question 10

Which catract may have the entire posterior lens bulging out?

A. Lentiglobus
B. Lenticonus
C. Spherophakia
D. Senescent
E. Galactosemia

Answer 10

A. Lentiglobus