Cataracts Flashcards
What are cataracts?
A cataract is an opacity in the lens, caused by denaturation of the lens proteins, which reduces light entering the eye, and reduces visual acuity
What are the causes of cataracts?
Normal ageing process
Smoking
Alcohol
Trauma
Diabetes
Corticosteroids
UV exposure
Previous eye surgery
Radiation exposure
What is the presentation of cataracts?
Slow reduction in visual acuity
Progressive blurring of vision
Painless
Haloes around lights
Faded colour vision
What is the key examination finding in cataracts?
Loss of the red light reflex
What investigations are performed in suspected cataracts?
Ophthalmoscopy - normal fundus and optic nerve
Slit-lamp examination - visible cataract
What is the definitive management of cataracts?
Surgery (pseudophakia) - involves removing the lens, and implanting an artificial lens
What are the complications of cataract surgery?
Posterior capsule opacification - thickening of the lens capsule
Retinal detachment
Posterior capsule rupture
Endophthalmitis
What is endophthalmitis?
Inflammation of the inner contents of the eye (aqueous and/or vitreous humour)
What is the presentation of endophthalmitis?
Severe pain
Loss of vision
Redness
Happens a few days following surgery
What is the treatment of endophthalmitis?
Intravitreal antibiotics
