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Chemistry > CAT and Recall revision - January 2023 > Flashcards

CAT and Recall revision - January 2023 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the three sub atomic particles

A

Proton, Neutron and electron

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2
Q

What is the relative charge of a proton?

A

+1

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3
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

A

0

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4
Q

What is the relative charge of a electron?

A

-1

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5
Q

Why do atoms have no overall electrical charge (are neutral)?

A

The number of positive proton equals the number of negative electrons so charges cancel out.

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6
Q

What does the atomic number tell you?

A

Number of protons

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7
Q

What makes an atom of an element the element it is?

A

The protons

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8
Q

What makes atoms of elements different to each other?

A

They have a different number of protons

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9
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

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10
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

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11
Q

What is the relative mass of a electron?

A

1/1840 (Almost 0)

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12
Q

What is mass number?

A

The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom

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13
Q

What is an isotope?

A

The same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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14
Q

Why is the relative atomic mass of chlorine not a whole number?

A

It has more than one isotope

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15
Q

How do the chemical properties of an isotope differ?

A

Doesn’t/does have the same number of electrons

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16
Q

How do you work out the number of protons

A

Use the atomic number

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17
Q

How do you work out the number of electrons in an atom

A

Same as the protons

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18
Q

How do you work out the number of neutrons

A

Mass number - atomic number

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19
Q

What do the electrons occupy in an atom

A

The lowest available energy levels.

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20
Q

How many electrons are there found in shells 1,2 and 3?

A

2,8,8

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21
Q

What sub atomic particle is involved in bonding (chemical reactions)?

A

Electrons

22
Q

What holds atoms of elements together in compounds?

A

Chemical bonds

23
Q

How were early periodic tables arranged? (Newland and Mendeleev)

A

Atomic weight

24
Q

metal + oxygen=

A

metal oxide

25
Q

metal + water =

A

metal hydroxide + hydrogen

26
Q

What does the group number tell you?

A

The number of electrons in the outer shell.

27
Q

What does the period number tell you?

A

the amount of shells

28
Q

metal + chlorine =

A

metal chloride

29
Q

What is distillation?

A

separating soluble substances from a solution.

30
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

separating a mixture of substances with different boiling points

31
Q

What is filtration?

A

separating an insoluble solid from a liquid

32
Q

What is chromatography?

A

separating coloured components from a mixture.

33
Q

What charge are alpha particles?

A

positive

34
Q

Before electrons were discovered, atoms were thought to be what?

A

tiny spheres

35
Q

What subatomic particle was discovered first?

A

electron

36
Q

What is a molecule?

A

a group of atoms

37
Q

Five ways to separate a mixture

A

simple distillation, filtration, chromatography, fractional distillation and crystallisation.

38
Q

Where is the electron found?

A

in the shell/energy levels

39
Q

What is group 0 called?

A

Noble gases

40
Q

What is group 7 called?

A

Halogens

41
Q

What is group 1 called?

A

Alkali metals

42
Q

As you go down group 1 the atoms become ______ as they have got more ______.

A

bigger,shells

43
Q

What do metals want

A

to loose an electron

44
Q

What do non-metals want

A

to gain an electron

45
Q

What did Mendeleev do in his periodic table? (3)

A
  • left gaps for undiscovered elements
  • added more columns
  • predicted the new elements and where they would go
46
Q

What was the plum pudding model?

A

JJ Thompsons model that atoms are positive balls of charge with electrons embedded within.

47
Q

What was Democritus’ theory of the atom?

A

That atoms are the smallest particles and cannot be divided any further.

48
Q

What was Ernest Rutherford’s theory?

A

The electrons obits a large ball of concentrated mass (nucleus).

49
Q

What was Niels Bohr’s theory?

A

The electron orbits in spherical orbits around the nucleus.

50
Q

What did James Chadwick discover in the nucleus?

A

Neutrons

51
Q

How did Newlands arrange is elements?

A

Atomic mass

52
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

When the more reactive element displaces the less reactive.

Chemistry (4 decks)

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