Castilla Y Leon Flashcards
What is the region of Arlanza DO?
Castilla y León
How many hectares are under vine in Arlanza DO as of 2023?
450
What styles of wine are produced in Arlanza DO?
- Blanco
- Rosado
- Tinto
What is the composition of Rosado wine in Arlanza DO?
50-100% Tinta del País, plus other red or white authorized grapes
What is the composition of Tinto wine in Arlanza DO?
50-100% Tinta del País
What are the authorized white grapes in Arlanza DO?
- Albilla
- Viura
What is the recommended red grape in Arlanza DO?
Tinta del País (Tempranillo)
List the authorized red grapes in Arlanza DO.
- Garnacha
- Mencía
- Cabernet Sauvignon
- Petit Verdot
- Merlot
What is the minimum alcohol content for Blanco wine in Arlanza DO?
10.5%
What is the minimum alcohol content for Rosado wine in Arlanza DO?
11%
What is the minimum alcohol content for Tinto (Vino Joven) in Arlanza DO?
11.5%
What is the minimum alcohol content for Tinto (Crianza/Reserva/Gran Reserva) in Arlanza DO?
12%
What are the aging requirements for Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva in Arlanza DO?
Applicable only to Rosado and Tinto
What is the minimum planting density in Arlanza DO?
2,000 vines per hectare
What are the maximum yields for white grapes in Arlanza DO?
10,000 kg/ha, 72 liters/100 kg
What are the maximum yields for red grapes in Arlanza DO?
7,000 kg/ha, 72 liters/100 kg
When was the Arlanza DO established?
2007
What historical significance does the Arlanza region have?
Winemaking history originates with monastic traditions in the 12th century
What climatic characteristics does the Arlanza region share?
Continental extremes of Ribera del Duero
What type of soils are predominant in the Arlanza region?
Mostly sandy, with more clay structure near the center
What white wine grapes can be used in Arlanza DO?
- Albillo Mayor
- Macabeo
Fill in the blank: Rosado and red wine in Arlanza DO must be composed of at least half _______.
Tempranillo
True or False: The Arlanza River joins the Pisuerga River and ultimately the Duero.
True
What is the region of Arribes DO?
Castilla y León
How many hectares are under vine in Arribes DO as of 2023?
452
What styles of wine are produced in Arribes DO?
- Blanco
- Rosado
- Tinto
What is the minimum percentage of red varieties recommended for Rosado in Arribes DO?
60%
List the authorized white grape varieties in Arribes DO.
- Malvasía Castellana
- Verdejo
- Albillo Mayor
- Albillo Real
- Puesta en Cruz
List the authorized red grape varieties in Arribes DO.
- Juan García
- Rufete
- Tempranillo
- Garnacha Tinta
- Mencía
- Bruñal
- Syrah
- Bastardillo Chico
- Tinta Jeromo
- Mandón
- Gajo Arroba
What is the minimum alcohol requirement for Blanco, Rosado, and Tinto wines in Arribes DO?
11.5%
What is the minimum alcohol requirement for Tinto Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva in Arribes DO?
12.2%
What are the aging requirements for Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva wines in Arribes DO?
- Roble: Aged in oak for a minimum of 3 months
- Fermentado en Barrica: Fermented and kept in oak for a minimum of 3 months
What is the minimum planting density for vineyards in Arribes DO?
2,000 vines per hectare
What are the maximum yields for white grapes in Arribes DO?
10,000 kg/ha, 72 liters/100 kg
What are the maximum yields for red grapes in Arribes DO?
7,000 kg/ha, 72 liters/100 kg
What are the principal soil types found in Arribes DO?
- Sandy quartz
- Granite
- Slate
When was Arribes DO established?
2007 (Updated 2022)
True or False: Arribes DO is located along the northeastern Portuguese border.
True
What is the elevation range of vineyards in Arribes DO?
550 to 820 meters
Which grape variety yields ample-bodied wines with intense berry flavors in Arribes DO?
Bruñal
What flavor profile does Juan García exhibit in Arribes DO?
Herbal and aromatic
What is the region of Bierzo DO?
Castilla y León
What is the total area under vine in Bierzo DO as of 2023?
3,017 hectares
What are the styles of wine produced in Bierzo DO?
- Blanco
- Rosado
- Tinto
- Vino clarete
What is the minimum percentage of authorized red varieties in Rosado wines from Bierzo DO?
70%
What is the minimum percentage of authorized red varieties in Tinto wines from Bierzo DO?
85%
What is the grape composition for Vino clarete in Bierzo DO?
40% to 60% red grapes, remainder authorized white grapes
List the authorized white grape varieties in Bierzo DO.
- Doña Blanca
- Godello
- Malvasía Riojana
- Palomino
List the authorized red grape varieties in Bierzo DO.
- Mencía
- Garnacha Tintorera
- Estaladiña
- Merenzao
What is the minimum alcohol content for Blanco wines in Bierzo DO?
11.5%
What is the minimum alcohol content for Rosado, Clarete, and Tinto wines in Bierzo DO?
12%
What are the aging requirements for Crianza and Reserva wines in Bierzo DO?
Standard aging
What is required for Vino de Villa and Vino de Paraje in Bierzo DO?
100% must be sourced from designated municipalities or parcels
What distinguishes Viña Clasificada in Bierzo DO?
Labelled for at least 5 years and approved by a tasting panel
What is the designation for a wine that has been produced as a Viña Clasificada for at least 5 years?
Gran Viña Clasificada
What is the maximum planting density for vineyards in Bierzo DO?
3,800 vines per hectare
What are the maximum yields for Mencía and authorized white grapes in Bierzo DO?
11 tons/ha, 70 liters/100 kg
What is the maximum yield reduction for Vino de Villa?
20%
What is the maximum yield reduction for Vino de Paraje?
25%
What is the maximum yield reduction for Viña Clasificada?
30%
What is the maximum yield reduction for Gran Viña Clasificada?
35%
What are the principal soil types found in Bierzo DO?
- Slate in the hills
- Silty loam in the flats
Describe the climate of Bierzo DO.
Moderate, experiencing humidity and rainfall from Green Spain and continental conditions of the Duero River Valley
What is the elevation range of the Bierzo landscape?
450 to 800 meters
What are the two unofficial zones of Bierzo?
- Bajo Bierzo
- Alto Bierzo
Who was instrumental in establishing the DO Bierzo?
José Luis Prada
When was the Bierzo DO officially established?
1989
What grape variety primarily defines Bierzo’s wines?
Mencía
True or False: Bierzo wines are known for being heavy-bodied.
False
Who founded Descendientes de J. Palacios?
Álvaro Palacios and Ricardo Pérez
What is the flagship wine of Descendientes de J. Palacios?
La Faraona
What type of wine is Pétalos del Bierzo?
A blend of Mencía
Who is Raúl Pérez?
An innovative enologist known for enhancing Mencía and Godello
What is the iconic wine produced by Raúl Pérez?
Ultreia de Valtuille
What type of wine is Godelia Tinto Selección?
A high-end Mencía
What is the grape composition of Godelia Blanco?
A blend of Godello and Doña Blanca
Fill in the blank: The maximum yield for Palomino and Garnacha Tintorera is ______ tons/ha.
12
What is the region associated with Cigales DO?
Castilla y León
How many hectares are under vine in Cigales DO as of 2023?
2,900 hectares
What is the minimum percentage of Verdejo required in Blanco wines from Cigales DO?
50%
What are the recommended varietals for Rosado/Clarete wines in Cigales DO?
50% recommended red and white varietals
What is the minimum percentage of recommended red varietals in Tinto wines from Cigales DO?
50%
What is the minimum alcohol requirement for Vino Espumoso in Cigales DO?
9%
List the recommended white grape varietals for Blanco wines in Cigales DO.
- Verdejo
- Albillo
- Viura
- Sauvignon Blanc
Which red grape varietal is recommended for Tinto wines in Cigales DO?
- Tinta del País (Tempranillo)
- Garnacha Tinta
- Garnacha Gris
What is the minimum alcohol requirement for Tinto wines in Cigales DO?
12%
What are the aging requirements for Tinto wines in Cigales DO?
Crianza / Reserva / Gran Reserva
What is the maximum residual sugar for Blanco wines in Cigales DO?
5g/l
Fill in the blank: The minimum planting density for En Vaso is ______.
1,200 vines per hectare
What is the maximum yield for red grapes in Cigales DO?
7 tons/ha, 70 liters/100 kg
In what year was Cigales DO established?
1991
What elevation range do vineyards in Cigales DO typically have?
700 to 800 meters
What type of soils are commonly found in Cigales DO vineyards?
Soils with significant limestone content
True or False: Rosado wines are the primary product associated with Cigales DO.
True
What challenge have darker-hued pink wines faced in Cigales DO?
The trend toward Provençal-style pale rosés
What underground feature is common in the Cigales DO region?
A vast network of underground cellars
What are luceras in the context of Cigales DO?
Tall air vents that help light the cellars
What is the total area under vine in León DO as of 2023?
1,322 hectares
León DO has seen a significant reduction from 14,000 hectares in the mid-1980s.
What is the minimum percentage of recommended white varieties for Blanco wines in León?
50%
This is the minimum requirement for producing Blanco wines.
What are the minimum percentage requirements for red varieties in Rosado wines?
60%
Other white and/or red grapes may also be included.
List the recommended white grape varieties for León DO.
- Verdejo
- Albarín Blanco
- Godello
Albarín Blanco is distinct from Albariño.
What are the recommended red grape varieties for León DO?
- Prieto Picudo
- Mencía
- Negro Saurí
Garnacha and Tempranillo are also authorized.
What is the minimum alcohol content for Blanco wines in León?
10.5%
This requirement ensures a standard quality for Blanco wines.
What is the aging requirement for Tinto Crianza wines?
12%
This is the minimum alcohol content for Tinto Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva wines.
What are the residual sugar requirements for Semidulce wines?
18-45 g/L
Wines with higher sugar content are categorized as Dulce.
What is the maximum yield for red grapes grown in Espaldera (Trellised) in León?
8,000 kg/ha
This limit helps maintain quality in red wine production.
In what year was the León DO established?
2007
The designation was last updated in 2024.
What type of wine makes up roughly 70% of the vineyards in León?
Prieto Picudo
This indigenous red variety is known for its oval-shaped berries.
True or False: León DO was known as Tierra de León until 2019.
True
The name change reflects a broader recognition of the region.
Fill in the blank: The maximum planting density in León DO is _______ vines per hectare.
4,000
The minimum density is 1,100 vines per hectare.
What elevation range do the vineyards in León typically sit at?
800 to 900 meters
This elevation contributes to the unique terroir of the region.
List the authorized white grape varieties for León DO.
- Verdejo
- Albarín Blanco
- Godello
- Malvasía Castellana
- Palomino
Palomino is not included in new plantings.
What is the region of Rueda known for?
Rueda is known for its white wines, particularly those made from Verdejo.
How many hectares are under vine in Rueda as of 2023?
13,500 hectares.
What is the minimum percentage of principal varieties required for Rueda Blanco?
min. 75% principal varieties.
What is the minimum alcohol content for Rueda Tinto?
12%.
List the principal authorized grape varieties for Rueda Blanco.
- Verdejo
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Viura
- Viognier
- Chardonnay
What aging requirement is specific to Rueda Dorado?
min. 4 years, including at least 2 years in oak.
True or False: Vino Espumoso must be aged for at least 9 months on the lees.
True.
Fill in the blank: The authorized red grape varieties for Rueda include Tempranillo and _______.
Cenicienta.
What is the maximum yield for white grapes in Rueda?
8,000 - 12,000 kg/ha.
What significant historical event affected Rueda’s vineyard area?
The phylloxera crisis.
Who was the Bordeaux professor that helped Rueda develop its white wine production?
Émile Peynaud.
What is the required planting density range for vineyards in Rueda?
1,100 to 2,200 vines per hectare.
What is the minimum aging period for Vino Pálido?
Minimum of 3 years in oak.
What year was the DO of Rueda established?
1980.
What type of climate does Rueda have?
Extreme continental climate.
List the main wines produced by Marqués de Riscal.
- Marqués de Riscal Verdejo
- Marqués de Riscal Sauvignon Blanc
Who founded Bodegas José Pariente?
José Pariente.
What type of viticulture is Bodegas Menade known for?
Pioneering organic viticulture.
What unique aspect does the wine Nosso from Bodegas Menade have?
It is a natural Verdejo without added sulfites.
What is required for a wine to be labeled as Gran Vino de Rueda?
Wines made from at least 30 year old vine.
What are the aging requirements for Vino Espumoso ‘Gran Añada’?
36 months of age on lees prior to disgorgement.
What is the region of Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO?
Castilla y León
How many hectares are under vine in Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO as of 2023?
780
What is the minimum percentage of white grapes recommended for Blanco wines in Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO?
60%
What is the minimum percentage of Tempranillo required in Clarete wines?
30%
What is the minimum percentage of Tempranillo required in Rosado wines?
60%
What is the minimum percentage of Tempranillo required in Tinto wines?
75%
What are the recommended white grape varieties for Blanco wines?
- Malvasia
- Moscatel de Grano Menudo
- Verdejo
What are the authorized white grape varieties in Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO?
- Albillo
- Palomino
- Godello
What is the recommended red grape variety for Tinto wines?
Tempranillo
What are the authorized red grape varieties in Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO?
- Garnacha
- Cabernet Sauvignon
What is the minimum alcohol content for Blanco wines?
11%
What is the minimum alcohol content for Clarete and Rosado wines?
12%
What is the minimum alcohol content for Tinto wines?
12.5%
What aging requirements exist for wines in Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO?
- Crianza
- Reserva
- Gran Reserva
What is the minimum and maximum planting density for vineyards?
800/4,500 vines per hectare
When was the DO of Tierra del Vino de Zamora established?
2007
What geographical shape does Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO form?
L-shape around Toro
What major river flows through the northern sector of Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO?
Duero
At what average elevation are the vineyards planted in Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO?
750 meters above sea level
What type of soil predominates in Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO?
Alluvial
What grape variety must constitute 75% of all red wines in Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO?
Tempranillo
Name two other grape varieties grown in Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO.
- Cabernet Sauvignon
- Garnacha
Fill in the blank: The minimum planting density in Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO is _______.
800 vines per hectare
What is the region associated with Toro DO?
Castilla y León
How many hectares are under vine in Toro as of 2023?
5,800 ha
What styles of wine are produced in Toro?
- Traditional Method Sparkling
- Blanco
- Rosado
- Tinto
What is the minimum percentage of red grapes required in Rosado?
25%
What grapes must Tinto contain?
- Minimum 75% Tinta de Toro
- Minimum 85% Garnacha
What are the authorized white grapes for sparkling wines in Toro?
- Malvasía Castellano
- Moscatel de Grano Menudo
- Verdejo
- Albillo Real
What red grapes are authorized for sparkling wines in Toro?
- Tinta de Toro
- Garnacha Tinta
What is the minimum alcohol content for Blanco wines in Toro?
11%
What is the aging requirement for sparkling wines in Toro?
Must be aged on the lees for 9 months
What are the aging requirements for Crianza Tinto wines?
- Minimum 2 years
- At least 6 months in oak
What are the aging requirements for Reserva Tinto wines?
- Minimum 3 years
- At least 1 year in oak
What are the aging requirements for Gran Reserva Tinto wines?
- Minimum 5 years
- At least 18 months in oak
What is the minimum planting density in Toro?
900 vines per hectare
What is the maximum planting density in Toro?
2,700 vines per hectare
What is the maximum yield for sparkling wines in Toro?
72L per 100kg
What is the maximum yield for Tinta de Toro?
7,500 kg/ha, 70 liters/100 kg
What is the maximum yield for Garnacha, Verdejo, and Malvasía?
9,000 kg/ha, 70 liters/100 kg
When was the DO for Toro established?
1987 (last updated 2024)
What geographical feature is Toro adjacent to?
Rueda
What is the local name for Tempranillo in Toro?
Tinta de Toro
What is the elevation range of Toro?
620 to 840 meters above sea level
What type of training is common for vines in Toro?
Bush-trained and widely spaced
What soil types are common in Toro?
- Brown limestone
- Sandy structures
- Clay structures
Why is Toro known for producing wines with high flavor and alcohol?
Cold continental nights preserve balance in the ripe wines
What term translates to ‘bull’ in Spanish and is associated with Toro’s wine?
Toro
What are the recommended white grapes for Blanco wines in Toro?
- Verdejo
- Malvasía ‘Castellana’
What new type of wine is allowed in Toro as of 2024?
Quality sparkling wines vinified as red, white, or rosé
What is the main grape variety used for Blanco wines in Ribera del Duero?
min. 75% Albillo Mayor
Albillo Mayor is a white grape variety that forms the backbone of the region’s white wine production.
What is the minimum percentage of authorized red varieties required for Rosado wines?
min. 50% authorized red varieties
Rosado wines can be made from a blend of red grape varieties permitted in the region.
What is the minimum percentage of Tinta del País / Tinto Fino required for Tinto wines?
min. 75% Tinta del País / Tinto Fino (95% min red grapes)
Tinta del País is the local name for Tempranillo, the primary red grape of the region.
What is the total area under vine in Ribera del Duero as of 2023?
23,535 hectares
What are the authorized grape varieties in Ribera del Duero?
Recommended:
* Tinta del País / Tinto Fino (Tempranillo)
Authorized:
* Garnacha
* Malbec
* Merlot
* Cabernet Sauvignon
* Albillo Mayor
What is the minimum alcohol content for Blanco and Rosado wines?
11%
What is the minimum alcohol content for Tinto wines?
11.5%
What is the maximum residual sugar allowed in Ribera del Duero wines?
4 g/l
What must Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva wines do after barrel aging?
Spend the rest of their required aging outside of barrel in the bottle.
What is the minimum and maximum planting density in Ribera del Duero?
Minimum: 2,000 vines/ha; Maximum: 4,000 vines/ha
What are the maximum yields for all varieties except Albillo Mayor?
7,000 kg/ha, 50.4 hl/ha
What are the maximum yields for Albillo Mayor?
9,500 kg/ha, 68.4 hl/ha
In what year was the DO status for Ribera del Duero established?
1982 (updated 2023)
What is the average elevation of vineyards in Ribera del Duero?
800 to 850 meters above sea level
How does the terroir of Ribera del Duero vary?
More limestone in the east, denser clay in the west, sandy or silty-sandy earth in other areas.
Which oak types are historically used in Ribera del Duero winemaking?
French and American oak
What distinguishes Ribera del Duero wines from those of Rioja?
Ribera del Duero tends to be darker fruited and more austerely tannic.
What is the climate type of Ribera del Duero?
Continental
What was the mean annual temperature in Valladolid?
12.4° C (54.3° F)
Who founded Vega Sicilia and in what year?
Don Eloy Lecanda y Chaves in 1864
What was the focus of Alejandro Fernández when he established Tinto Pesquera?
Return focus to Tempranillo
How many wineries were in Ribera del Duero in 1982 compared to today?
24 in 1982; more than 300 today
What significant wine project was established in 1995 that contributed to Ribera del Duero’s global esteem?
Peter Sisseck’s Pingus
Fill in the blank: The average annual rainfall in Ribera del Duero is ______.
433 mm (17.0 in)
True or False: Ribera del Duero wines are primarily known for being light and fruity.
False
What is the primary training method used for old vines in Atauta?
en vaso
This method involves bush-trained vines that are low to the ground.
At what elevation are the vineyards in Atauta located?
1050 meters above sea level
What is the significance of ungrafted vines in Dominio de Atauta?
Over 90% of the vineyard holdings are ungrafted, a rarity in Ribera del Duero.
What percentage of vineyards in Ribera del Duero are at least 50 years old?
Over 30%
Fill in the blank: Espalier vineyards are typically found in the ______ soils nearest the Rio Duero.
more fertile
What is the average size of vineyard parcels in Ribera del Duero?
0.40 ha
True or False: The climate in Soria is warmer and longer than that in Valladolid.
False
What is the Winkler Scale classification for the entire Ribera del Duero region?
Region I
What are the primary soil types found in the Valle de Atauta?
- arenas (sand)
- arcilla (clay)
- franco (silt)
- limestone bedrock
What is the average alcohol level of Dominio de Atauta’s wines?
Over 14.5%
What challenge does frost pose to the vineyards in Soria?
It can delay ripeness and impact harvest.
Who was the winemaker that helped elevate Dominio de Atauta’s reputation?
Bertrand Sourdais
What is the name of Viña Sastre’s most prized wine made from 80-year-old vines?
Pesus
How much of the vineyard’s grape composition does Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon account for in Viña Sastre’s Pesus?
Less than 25%
What is the typical Brix level at which harvest occurs for Pingus?
22-24° Brix
What type of farming does Peter Sisseck of Dominio de Pingus practice?
Biodynamic farming
What is the primary aging method for Pingus wines?
In oak barrels
What is the production scale of Dominio de Pingus compared to Vega Sicilia?
Pingus releases around 6,000 bottles; Vega Sicilia releases 40,000.
What are the four styles of red wines produced in Ribera del Duero?
- joven
- crianza
- reserva
- gran reserva
What is the elevation range for Valduero vineyards?
800 to 850 meters above sea level
Who is one of Spain’s first female winemakers associated with Valduero?
Yolanda García Viadero
What year was Valduero founded?
1984
Where is Valduero located?
Gumiel de Mercado, Burgos
What is the elevation range of Valduero compared to Soria?
800 to 850 meters above sea level
What types of wines does Yolanda García Viadero champion?
Classic styles of crianza through gran reserva
What is the aging requirement for Ribera del Duero red crianza wines?
Minimum of one year in oak and one year in bottle
How long do Valduero’s crianza wines age in oak and bottle?
15 months in oak and 12 months in bottle
What unique wines does Valduero produce?
“6 Años” and “12 Años”
What flavors are commonly associated with Valduero wines?
- Balsamic
- Dill
- Lavender
- Licorice
- Sandalwood
- Sour plum
What types of oak barrels does Valduero use?
- French
- American
- Canadian
- Hungarian
- Bulgarian
- Spanish
What is the aging process for Aalto wines?
Aged in 100% new French oak for Aalto ‘PS’
Who were the founders of Aalto?
Mariano García and Javier Zaccagnini
What is the alcohol content of Aalto wines typically exceeding?
15%
What are the flavor characteristics of American oak-aged wines?
Coconut and vanilla extract
What are the flavor characteristics of French oak-aged wines?
Spicy aromatics like nutmeg and clove
What is the aging requirement for Vega Sicilia’s ‘Único’?
At least a decade
What is the primary grape variety used in Vega Sicilia’s vineyards?
Tempranillo
What is the average age of vines used for ‘Valbuena 5°’?
25-35 years
What fermentation method is used for ‘Único’?
Ambient yeast fermentation
How long does ‘Valbuena 5°’ spend in oak?
3 years
What is the release price for Vega Sicilia’s ‘Único’?
$450 per bottle
What is the aging requirement for Ribera del Duero gran reserva wines?
At least two years in oak and three years in bottle
True or False: Valduero’s gran reserva wines age for four years in barrel and four years in bottle.
True
Fill in the blank: Aalto ‘PS’ is matured in ______.
100% new French oak
What is the vintage of the current ‘12 Años’ release from Valduero?
1999
What are the two mainstay wines of Vega Sicilia?
- Valbuena 5°
- Único
