casestudies urban

Question 1

social challenges in mumbai

Answer 1

Lack of water and poor water quality (77%)
Lack of sanitation (diseases spread, 1 toilet for 1000 people)
traffic/overpopulation
62% of the population (9million people) live in slums
High dropout rates, to pursue a job to have an income for the family
Haphazard electricity and water

Question 2

economic challenges in mumbai

Answer 2

Economic:
Unemployment, economic growth has not been fast enough to create sufficient jobs
High crime rates
Slum dwellers spend 20% of income on water

Question 3

environmental challenges in mumbai

Answer 3

Environmental:
Air and water pollution (22 million vehicles)
Toxic waste
Water pipes run close to sewer lines, contaminating water supply
Rubbish is often left on the streets- attracts vermin. Poisonous liquids may contaminate groundwater supplies
Public is dependent on public transport- traffic
650 million litres of water are lost each day due to leaks in pipes

Question 4

social opportunities in mumbai

Answer 4

Social:
Access to services- doctors/ health, education, water and energy supply
Better housing
Major centre of education
Many good schools
Water and electricity supplies
High literacy rates 89.7% (69%) in slums
Best transport system in India

Question 5

economic opportunties in mumbai

Answer 5

Economic:
Employment (formal and informal economy)
More job opportunities
Higher wages
Centre of Hindi movie industry
Important economic hub in india (10% of factory employment dn 40% of foreign trade)
Many of India's TNCs are based here
Some areas of extreme wealth
The Financial capital of India

Question 6

environmental opportunties in mumbai

Answer 6

Environmental:
Better living conditions
Less chance/ reduced impact of natural disasters

Question 7

where is mumbai

Answer 7

Location – Mumbai, formerly Bombay, city, capital of Maharashtra state, southwestern India. Mumbai lies on the western coast of India by the bank of Arabian Sea.

Question 8

plan to improve Dharvi

Answer 8

Vision Mumbai
This involves replacing squatter settlement housing with high quality high-rise tower blocks of flats.
The Indian government also wants to add basic services, more schools, health centres, shops, better roads and more jobs.

Question 9

effects of rapid urban growth

Answer 9

Effects of rapid urban growth: 
Squashed housing 
Lakes disappear 
Rough appearances due to lots of use
Limited access to services 
Creates opportunities due to the booming economy 
Rich vs poor (divided)

Question 10

cause of growth in cities

Answer 10

Cause of growth of cities:
Natural increase (birth rates higher than death rates)
Rural to urban migration (push and pull factors)
Push factors - make people want to leave: overpopulation, lack of services, natural disasters, many people don’t own land, low paid jobs, lack of investment
Pull factors - make people attracted to an area: better-paid jobs, higher quality of life, improved access to services, reliable sources of food, public transport.

Question 11

sustainable management casestudy

Answer 11

curitiba

Question 12

main aim of curitiba and who

Answer 12

Main aim ‘The Street of Flowers’: Demolish old buildings and create mobility, susbaintity and identity. Pedestrianised paths of Curitiba, planted flowers all around this zone. It got extended to 15 block as everyone loved it so much.

It has been transformed from an agricultural city to a manufacturing one through SUSTAINABLE PLANNING.
Jaime Lerner was responsible for Curitiba’s new sustainable development in the 1970s

Question 13

where is curitiba

Answer 13

Curativa is a city in Southern Brazil in South America

Question 14

problems in curitiba before management

Answer 14

· Mass unemployment;
· Transport congestion;
· Lack of basic services and
· Uncontrolled growth of squatter settlements.

Question 15

Transport sustainability in curitiba

Answer 15

2 million people benefit
Learner also improved this system by designing an elevated glass boarding tube, where people could shelter and buy their tickets, speeding up the journey (Buses arrive every 60 seconds)
5 main arterial traffic roads into and out of the city. These routes had a central bus lane speeding up the journey for commuters on the bus. This boosts the number of passengers per bus from 1,000 per day to 2,000. The arterial roads were also used as growth corridors of the urban and economic growth of the city.
Triple articulated buses (bendy buses); this further boosted the number of passengers per bus 4,000 per day
The buses are coloured according to their function

Red busses were express buses with fewer stops,
Orange busses bring people from outlying districts to the express routes,
Green buses bring suburban people to the express routes,
Grey buses take suburban dwellers direct to the city centre but make many more stops.

The bus companies are paid per km driven not per passenger

Question 16

environmental sustainability

Answer 16

Interconnected park that runs around the outside Curitiba.
Benefits: Increased value of surrounding land, benefited people’s exercise, built on unused land preventing urban sprawl, Curitiba has 4 times more green space than recommended for the population
Maintained: They use sheep to “cut” some of the grass in the park, maintenance is cheaper. Instead of building concrete around the water that was flooding they allowed it to flood and work with nature (lowing the cost)

Question 17

social sustainability

Answer 17

The slum dwellers have to cope with regular floods.
The slums will be cleared but to solve this Curitiba has used Site and Service schemes, where the government offers low interest loans on the land and free house design for the people.
They are being moved to a new suburb where there is electricity, roads and water. They were given a low interest mortgage to help them with their new houses.
The residents are trained to build the houses and make up a large part of the labour force. The houses have electricity, sewerage and running water.
The residents traded rubbish for money and food, this cleared the slums. For every 5kg on rubbish they were given a kilo on veg in return (live healthier). Increase life expectancy
Providing 50,000 homes for the urban poor.

Question 18

Freiburg

Answer 18

Freiburg is a city in the south of Germany. In the 1970s, the local government set the aim of becoming more sustainable in all aspects of life.

Question 19

Social sustainability in Freiburg

Answer 19

Social sustainability
Groups of children are involved in giving feedback and offering their opinion for all new developments in the city - new building constructions, housing developments, etc.
Financial investors are given free football seasonal tickets, as a thank you gift for investing into the city.

Question 20

Economic sustainability in Freiburg

Answer 20

Economic sustainability

• Providing jobs for families so they can afford to live
• Businesses have an obligation to be responsible for their impacts to the environment
• Green technology and environmental industry

Question 21

Environmental sustainability in Freiburg

Answer 21

Environmental sustainability:

• There are twice as many bikes as there are cars in Freiburg.
• Freiburg hosts a daily farmers market, where most crops are grown using organic farming practices. By buying local produce, residents are reducing their food miles and so minimising the carbon emissions produced transporting food across the world.
• The local football stadium is powered by solar panels, as well as the Town Hall. Any surplus energy is transported to local offices and houses, so minimal energy is wasted.