Case Study: Rio De Janeiro - Paper 2 Flashcards
Where is Rio located?
South east of Brazil, on the Atlantic coast
What type of country is Brazil
NEE
Why is Rio important regionally?
6.5 million people in the city, 12.5 million people in the surrounding area
Large number of people who depend on my services for jobs, education, health services, transport, and entertainment
Why is Rio important nationally?
Until 1960 Rio was the capital of Brazil
It’s the second largest city in Brazil , and still remains the cultural capital
It has 50 museums
It is a major port , exporting coffee, sugar and iron ore
Second most important industrial centre
Accounts for 5% of Brazil’s GDP
Main manufacturing industries are chemicals, clothing, pharmaceuticals furniture and processed foods
Main service industries banking, finance and insurance
Why is Rio important internationally?
Important in the global economy and as an industrial and financial centre
Rio is a UNESCO world heritage site
It’s annual carnival is one of the worlds biggest music and dance celebrations
The statue of Christ Redeemer is one of the seven wonders of the world
Rio stage 2014 football World Cup and the 2016 Olympics
International transport hub , five ports and three airports
What are the two factors that lead to Rios population increase?
Natural increase
Inward migration
Social opportunities of Rio
Access to services health and education
Healthcare In favelas, authorities arranged for medical staff to take kits into peoples homes (detected 20 diseases)
Infant mortality has therefore fallen and life expectancy has risen
Encourage local people to volunteer in schools (grants have been given to poor families)
Opened a uni in Rochina favela
Opportunities for access to resources in Rio
Water supply, seven new treatment plants have been built in the Olympic Park (over 300 KM of pipes were laid)
Now over 95% of the population has a mains water supply
Energy, 60 KM of new powerlines have been installed
Built in nuclear generator and a hydroelectric complex will increase the electricity supply by 30%
Economic opportunities in Rio
Improvements to Rios roads,transport, network services and environment help attract large companies to Rio
Provide more than 6% of brazils employment (Rio has one of the highest income per head in the country)
Retail and consumer sector is a major employer
Investment in building projects, e.g. Olympics provides jobs
Other employers are tourism , banking, finance
To tackle unemployment in favelas (20%) the government is using education to reduce youth rates (eg. Schools of tomorrow program)
Challenges of managing urban growth in Rio
Favelas ( rochina is the largest favela in Rio)\
Social deprivation in Rio is high
Houses are poly constructed, limited road access and many are at risk of landslides
Challenges of providing clean water, sanitation systems and energy in Rio
The non-improved values 50% have no sewage connections
12% have no running water
30% have no electricity
Challenges of providing access to services in Rio
Only half of all children continue education beyond 14(some getting involved in drug trafficking)
There is a shortage of nearby schools
Shortage of teachers , low pay and poor training
Over 40% of the city does not have access to a local family health clinic
Infant mortality rates are as high as 50 per 1000
Challenges of reducing unemployment and crime in Rio
20% of those of working age are unemployed
There is a murder rate of 20 per 1000
One third of Rios workers work in the informal sector (don’t pay taxes so the government receives no income from them)
Challenges of waste disposal in Rio
houses are built on Hillside so no road access and impossible for waste collection lorries
Most waste is dumped, polluting the water system causing diseases like cholera and attracting rats
Challenges of air pollution in Rio
Around 5000 deaths are due to air pollution
Caused by heavy congestion , exhaust fumes as well as pollutant from factory chimneys
Challenges of water pollution in Rio
Guanabara Bay is highly polluted causing major threat to wildlife
Comes from favelas open sewers and industrial waste as well as oil spills
Fishing has declined by 90% in the last 20 years
Affects Rio beautiful beaches and the tourist industry
Challenges of traffic congestion in Rio
Most congested city in South America
Number of cars in Rio has increased by 40% in the last decade
Many people choose to travel by car due to high crime rates
As well as people are more wealthy due to economic growth more people can afford cars
What is urban planning?
Improving quality of life for the poor
What have the government of Rio created to improve quality of life in Rio?
Complexo do alemao
Campo grande
what is complexo do alemão
The largest favela in Rio
Has been transformed in 2010 - as a result of a city wide policy called ‘pacification’
What is the population of complexo do alemao
100,000
How did Rio help complexo do alemao
Stage 1- armed soldiers drives gangs out, permenant police presence
Stage 2- authorities provided schools,healthcare centres and waste collection
Since 2008 how many of Rios favelas have been pacified
30
What is pacification
An attempt to create or maintain peace to a place
What have they done to improve quality of life in complexo do alemao
A cable car system - Can get from one end to the other in 16 min (to walk it would be 2 hours)
Connected to Rio’s railway network
What positive impacts did thre cable car system have on the community of complexo do alemao
9000 people use it daily
Cable car stations were hosting libraries, postal and banking services
How much did the cable car system cost (complexo do alemao)
64 million
(People cant justify it -should have been spent on social problems)
A negative of the cable car system (complexo do alemao)
In 2017 it stopped working and now its out of use (2019) due to a lack of maintainence - too expensive to run
What is campo grande new settlement of 800 houses
Negatives of campo grande
90 min drive from the city - people have to give up jobs
Lack in healthcare services, schools and nowhere for children to play
Positives of campo grande
Houses are better quality, have sanitation, clean water and electricity
