Case Study Practice Question Thickeners, peptides and Sunscreens Flashcards
What are thickeners and why we use them in products?
Adjust the viscosity of formulation, use to enhance texture/consistency and stability
What are the 5 categories of Peptides?
- Signal peptides
- Carrier peptides
- Neurotransmitter peptides
- Enzyme inhibiting peptides
- Antioxidant peptides
Mechanism of Signal Peptides?
- Role: Delivers proteins to their site of action
- Triggers signal cascade (chemical reaction) within extracellular matrix = increase stimulation of collagen, elastin and fibronectin production
- Skin benefits: Improve lines lines and wrinkles
Mechanism of Carrier Peptides?
- Transport substances and trace element to specific target areas of the skin, enhancing delivery of actives deeper into skin
- Skin benefits: Wound healing, increase skin density and fine lines
Mechanism of Neurotransmitter Peptides?
- Neurotransmitter inhibitor peptides: Inhibit release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction
Mechanism of Enzyme Inhibiting Peptides?
- Inhibits enzyme activity: inhibits MMP (matrix metalloproteinases) active in aged skin
- Skin benefits: minimise wrinkles, crows feet and frown lines
Mechanism of Antioxidant Peptides?
- Inhibits lipid oxidation by stabilising radicals and neutralising non-radical oxidising species
- Skin benefits: Protect skin from free radicals and environmental stress
What ingredient is Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 [KTTKS (lysine-threonine-threonine-lysine-serine) Matrixyl and what type?
- Signal peptide
- Stimulate production of extracellular proteins like collagen and fibronectin = improve lines around eyes
What ingredient is Pentapeptide-3 [Vialox®] and what type?
- Neurotransmitter peptide
- Blocks sodium ion release receptors which leads to muscle contractions, = smooth expression lines
What ingredient is Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (GHK) peptide and what type?
- Carrier peptide
- increase collagen production via fibroblast stimulation
What ingredient is Soybean Peptides and what type?
- Enzyme inhibiting peptide
- Reduce UVB induced photodamage
What ingredient is glutamyl-cysteyl-glycine and what type?
- Antioxidant peptide
- Stabilise radical species
who should use peptides?
- Chronological and photoaging
- Fine lines and wrinkles
- Collagen deficiency
- Rosacea
- Hyperpigmentation
- Dehydrated and dry skin
What can Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) be divided into?
- UVA (320-400nm)
- UVB (290-320nm)
- UVC (100-290nm)
- EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet/10-100nm)
What is sunscreen’s goals?
- Prevent sunburn
- Protect skin from photodamage by preventing transmission of UVR into skin viable tissue