case study ok Birimingham Flashcards
Who were the main players in Birmingham’s pre-industrial past?
The De Birmingham family, Matthew Boulton, The Cadbury family
The De Birmingham family purchased a royal charter in 1166, Matthew Boulton established the first factory in the world in 1761, and the Cadbury family set up their Bournville factory as a model village for workers.
What percentage of people worked in metals in the 1950s?
50%
This was the largest sector of employment during that time.
What percentage of people worked in commerce in the 1950s?
12%
This figure reflects the employment distribution in Birmingham during the 1950s.
What were the main sectors of employment in Birmingham in the 1950s?
Metals, Commerce, Transport, Public utilities
The percentages were: 50% metals, 12% commerce, 5.7% transport, and 4.5% public utilities.
How has the employment structure in Birmingham changed between 1978 and 2000?
Very small amount of primary employment, Secondary employment decreased by 22.6%, Tertiary sector grew by 14.1%
The decrease was particularly noted in metal goods and vehicles.
What was the economic status of Birmingham in the second half of the 20th century?
Earnings fell from highest to almost lowest in the UK
Contributing factors included the oil crisis, deindustrialisation, competition from Japan and Germany, and high strike action.
What is the doughnut effect?
People moving out of the centre of a city to more developed suburbs
This phenomenon is often a result of deindustrialisation.
What is the racial demographic composition of Birmingham?
53.1% white British, 13.5% Pakistani, 6.0% Indian
Birmingham is noted for its diversity compared to the rest of England.
Name projects that have led to the regeneration of Birmingham.
Centenary Square, ICC Symphony Hall, Barclaycard Arena, Victoria Square, Birmingham City University, National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham International Airport, National Indoor Arena, Selfridges department store, New Street railway station, Grand Central
These projects have contributed significantly to the city’s redevelopment.
How much money was secured from the EU for social investment between 2014-2020?
£235 million
This funding was aimed at various social initiatives.
Name three important players in Birmingham’s development other than the local council.
Universities, Canal and River Trust, Selfridges department store
These entities have played significant roles in the city’s growth and regeneration.
What public spaces have been developed in Birmingham?
Victoria Square, Centenary Square, pedestrianised roads
These developments have enhanced public accessibility and community engagement.
How has the University of Birmingham contributed to the city’s demographic and economic profile?
Brought a young profile, made the city wealthier
The university employs individuals who contribute to the local economy.
What transport developments have benefited Birmingham?
Expanded international airport, HS2 investment, Grand Central station investment
HS2 will reduce travel time between Birmingham and London to 50 minutes, and Grand Central received over £700 million in investment.
