Case Study LO Flashcards
How can hepatotoxicity be prevented + treated in paracetamol overdose?
Advice to ensure effective use of analgesics
Outline common NSAID side effects + their pharmacological basis
What strategies used to prevent GI side effects of NSAIDs + what is their pharmacological basis?
How do the binding of COXIBS to the COX enzyme differ from non-selective NSAIDs?
What are the consequences for analgesic effectiveness + side effects?
How does mood influence pain?
Why did the pharmacist say if there is any blood in stools they should stop taking ibuprofen?
SSRIs interact with NSAIDs to cause bleeding
SSRIs inhibit transport of serotonin into platelets, leading to impaired platelet aggregation + ability for haemostasis + increase GI bleeding risk
What is a sprain + how does it cause pain?
Sprain = injury in a joint caused by a ligament being overstretched beyond its capacity
A muscular tear caused in the same manner = strain
Where ligament is torn, immobilisation+ surgical repair is necessary
Ligaments = tough, fibrous tissue that connect bones to other bones
What is the difference between a sprain + strain?
Sprain = twisted/torn ligament
Strain = overstretched/torn muscle
What are the symptoms + signs of a sprain?
Difference between primary and secondary dysmenorrhea?
How do prostaglandins contribute to dysmenorrhea symptoms?
Name different ibuprofen formulations
Treatment options for dymenorrhea
What is opioid’s molecular target + MOA?
Various subtypes
Opioids cause excitable cell hyperpolarisation via GPCR receptors which leads to decrease cAMP formation.
Closing of Ca2+ channels and opening of K+ channels lead to decrease neurotransmitter release
Discuss common opioid side effects + explain pharmacological basis
Describe mechanism used to control release from formulations
What is IV PCA?
Method of pain relief that allows a patient to self administer small doses of analgesic agent as required
Programmable infusion pumps that deliver opioid meds IV
PCA = used for pain following trauma + w/ cancer
Drugs commonly used for IV PCA
Morphine
Fentanyl
Oxycodone
Tramadol
Ketamine
What dosing parameters in IV PCA can be varied to alter analgesia?
What is the pharmacokinetic rationale for increasing bolus dose + adding background infusion?
Outline pharmacokinetics of oxycodone + morphine
Clinical implications of oxycodone
