Case Study - India Flashcards
What does emerging country mean?
A country with high - medium human development and recent economic growth
What is the population of India?
1.3 billion
Give three reasons why India is an emerging country
1) economy has grown by 7% per year since 1997
2) it is predicted to have the world’s largest economy by 2050
3) its location in Southeast Asia means it has a natural geographic barrier to the North, leading to economic growth
4) the population is largely English speaking
What are India’s bordering countries?
Bangladesh Bhutan China Myanmar (BBC NMP) Nepal Pakistan
What countries make up the South East Asian Tigers?
India, Thailand, Philippians and Indonesia
How long is India’s coastline?
7500 km
What is the land area of India?
3.3 million km squared
When did India gain dependence from Britain?
1947
Give 2 political facts about India’s significance
1) it is the world’s largest democracy
2) it was one of the founding members of the United Nations
Give 2 social facts about India’s significance
1) has the world’s second largest population and by 2020 will probably overtake China
2) has the world’s 4th and 5th largest cities: Mumbai and Kolka
How many people do India’s urban slums house and how much is that in relation to the urban population?
40 million people, a quarter of the urban population
India’s urban slums are not the worst in the world. True or False?
False, India has the worst urban slums in the world
Give 2 cultural facts about India’s significance
1) Hindu civilisation traced back over 5000 years
2) it’s population is diverse. In 2011, 78% of the population were Hindu, 15% Muslims, 2.5% Christians and 2% Sikh
India has the largest film industry in the world known as Bollywood. True or false?
True
What is the FDI?
Foreign Direct Investment - any money or investment that comes from overseas companies. In India, this is TNC’s (transnational companies) investing in IT call Centers
What was India’s import and export value in 1991 in comparison to 2014?
1991 export value of 17 billion USD and import value of 24 billion USD
2014 export value of 342 billion USD and import value of 508 billion USD
What were India’s main exports in 1991?
tea, coffee, iron ore and fish products
What were India’s main exports in 2014?
Petroleum products, gems, jewellery, machinery, steel, chemicals and clothing
What were India’s main imports in 1991?
Petroleum products, textiles, machinery and clothing
What were India’s main imports in 2014?
Crude oil, gems, jewellery, machinery, steel, chemicals, vehicles and clothing
Give three reasons India changed
1) containerisation-by transporting goods to developed countries on ships in containers
2) aircraft technology- imports from India by air a 70 times more valuable
3) economic liberalisation-consumers and individual companies decide where goods can be made most cheaply
What percentage of India’s goods are traded through shipping?
90%
Where does India export to the most?
USA
What does globalisation mean?
The world becoming more connected through sharing cultures, trading, working and living abroad, communicating/ accessing information from around the world and travelling
Give an example of interdependence between countries
The European Union
Give an example of outsourcing
BT call Centers in India
How is the Indian government trying to improve education?
By increasing the literacy rate from 64% in 2001 to 74% in 2011
How is tourism in India growing?
It accounted for 6.8% of India’s GDP
What is the definition of outsourcing?
When a company moves some of its services overseas
Give some positive points of call Centers in India
- Young graduates can send money home to their families as they earn £5000 a year
- People in India are more hardworking
- 24/7 customer service for a fraction of the price
Give some negative points about call Centers in India
- most employees have to work 6 days a week
- customer service is new to Indian culture
- employees have to change their name to an American one (loss of identity)
How many people in urban areas are over 80?
2.5 million
What is a push factor?
Characteristics of a place that make you want to leave
What is a pull factor?
Characteristics of a place which make you want to move there
Name some push factors of rural India
- there is very little education available
- rural houses are wooden buildings with no running water sewage system and unreliable electricity
- the cast system is still present
Name some pull factors of urban areas in India
- wages are higher
- women can be educated
- there is clean water and hospitals
Describe a population pyramid in 1980 India
Very few live over 80 and most of the population is children
Describe a population pyramid in 2018 India
Birth rate is falling due to contraception and people are living longer
Describe a population pyramid in 2040 India
Most of the population is aged around 45-49 and birth rate still decreased as more people want jobs rather than childeren
What is the GDP per capita in Maharashtra?
104,000 rupees
What is the GDP per capita in Bihar?
27, 000 rupees
What is the overall literacy rate in Maharashtra compared to Bihar?
82.34% compared to 47%
Female literacy rate in Maharashtra compared to Bihar?
67.5% compared to 33%
What percentage of Bihar’s population work in low skilled jobs
80%
What % of the population of Bihar is rural?
86%
What fraction of households earn less than how much a day?
1/2, 80p per day
What percentage of the population in Bihar has electricity?
59%
What fraction of children complete primary school in Bihar?
1/3
What percentage of children in Bihar reach years 12 and 13?
2%
What is the mean GDP per capita in India?
The mean GDP per capita of India is 1627 USD
Economic growth and the environment
How much does air pollution reduce life expectancy in cities for how many people in India?
Reduces life expectancy by 3.2 years for the 60 million Indians that live in cities
Economic growth and the environment
How many of the world’s top 20 polluted cities are in India
13
Economic growth and the environment
How many micro grams of pollution per cubic meter does Delhi have?
153 micro grams
Economic growth and the environment
What number of polluted rivers rose between what years?
121-275 rivers between 2010 to 2015
What fraction of sewage in urban areas is actually treated? Where does the rest go?
1/3, the rest flows into rivers
Economic growth and the environment
What are the three forms of water pollution and which is the main one?
Sewage, industrial waste and agricultural run off but sewage is the main cause of water pollution
Economic growth and the environment
Between what years did India loose how many hectares of forest area?
(1951 -1976), 4.1 million hectares
Economic growth and the environment
How many hectares of forest is India loosing per year?
1.5 million hectares
Economic growth and the environment
What % of Indian land is facing what. What does this affect?
32% of Indian land is facing degradation that has an effect on its productivity
Economic growth and the environment
What fraction of India’s lakes and wetlands disappeared between what years?
1/2 between 1911-2014
Economic growth and the environment
What is India the third largest emitter of in the world?
Carbon dioxide
How many tonnes of carbon dioxide does India produce?
5164 million tonnes
Economic growth and the environment
Why would it be hard for India to reduce its co2 emissions?
Because 400 million people still don’t have access to electricity
Economic growth and the environment
When did India face its driest monsoon since 2009?
2015
Economic growth and the environment
Over what % of Indian farming relies on monsoon rain?
60%
Economic growth and the environment
How much is the farming sector in India worth?
370 billion USD
What was the unemployment rate in 1991 and what was it in 2014
20% and dropped to 8.6%
How many were living in poverty in 1991 and what did it become in 2014?
36% and decreased to 30%
What was the GDP PPP in 1991 and what did it increase to in 2014?
1.2 trillion USD to 7.3 trillion USD
What was the access to finance percentage in 2011 and 2014?
26%-46% for woman and 44%-62% in males
What is the GDP of Goa (the highest ranking state) in comparison to Bihar (the lowest ranking state)?
Goa has a GDP per capita of 3276 USD (above the mean) but Bihar has a GDP per capita of 945 USD
How has the birth rate changed since the family planning program was introduced in 1952
Birth rates have fallen from 45 per 1000 in 1951-1961 to 21 per 1000 today
How has urbanisation in India changed in comparison to the world?
Between 2000-2015, urbanisation went from 30.9% to 32.7% but the world went from 50.6% to 54%
How has the female literacy rate improved?
Between 2001-2011 female literacy rate has improved from 53.77% to 61.5 % (greater rate of increase than males)
