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Geography Paper 1 - Development Dynamics > Case Study - India > Flashcards

Case Study - India Flashcards

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1
Q

What does emerging country mean?

A

A country with high - medium human development and recent economic growth

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2
Q

What is the population of India?

A

1.3 billion

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3
Q

Give three reasons why India is an emerging country

A

1) economy has grown by 7% per year since 1997
2) it is predicted to have the world’s largest economy by 2050
3) its location in Southeast Asia means it has a natural geographic barrier to the North, leading to economic growth
4) the population is largely English speaking

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4
Q

What are India’s bordering countries?

A 
Bangladesh 
Bhutan
China
Myanmar                                                 (BBC NMP)
Nepal
Pakistan
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5
Q

What countries make up the South East Asian Tigers?

A

India, Thailand, Philippians and Indonesia

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6
Q

How long is India’s coastline?

A

7500 km

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7
Q

What is the land area of India?

A

3.3 million km squared

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8
Q

When did India gain dependence from Britain?

A

1947

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9
Q

Give 2 political facts about India’s significance

A

1) it is the world’s largest democracy

2) it was one of the founding members of the United Nations

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10
Q

Give 2 social facts about India’s significance

A

1) has the world’s second largest population and by 2020 will probably overtake China
2) has the world’s 4th and 5th largest cities: Mumbai and Kolka

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11
Q

How many people do India’s urban slums house and how much is that in relation to the urban population?

A

40 million people, a quarter of the urban population

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12
Q

India’s urban slums are not the worst in the world. True or False?

A

False, India has the worst urban slums in the world

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13
Q

Give 2 cultural facts about India’s significance

A

1) Hindu civilisation traced back over 5000 years

2) it’s population is diverse. In 2011, 78% of the population were Hindu, 15% Muslims, 2.5% Christians and 2% Sikh

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14
Q

India has the largest film industry in the world known as Bollywood. True or false?

A

True

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15
Q

What is the FDI?

A

Foreign Direct Investment - any money or investment that comes from overseas companies. In India, this is TNC’s (transnational companies) investing in IT call Centers

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16
Q

What was India’s import and export value in 1991 in comparison to 2014?

A

1991 export value of 17 billion USD and import value of 24 billion USD

2014 export value of 342 billion USD and import value of 508 billion USD

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17
Q

What were India’s main exports in 1991?

A

tea, coffee, iron ore and fish products

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18
Q

What were India’s main exports in 2014?

A

Petroleum products, gems, jewellery, machinery, steel, chemicals and clothing

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19
Q

What were India’s main imports in 1991?

A

Petroleum products, textiles, machinery and clothing

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20
Q

What were India’s main imports in 2014?

A

Crude oil, gems, jewellery, machinery, steel, chemicals, vehicles and clothing

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21
Q

Give three reasons India changed

A

1) containerisation-by transporting goods to developed countries on ships in containers
2) aircraft technology- imports from India by air a 70 times more valuable
3) economic liberalisation-consumers and individual companies decide where goods can be made most cheaply

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22
Q

What percentage of India’s goods are traded through shipping?

A

90%

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23
Q

Where does India export to the most?

A

USA

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24
Q

What does globalisation mean?

A

The world becoming more connected through sharing cultures, trading, working and living abroad, communicating/ accessing information from around the world and travelling

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25
Q

Give an example of interdependence between countries

A

The European Union

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26
Q

Give an example of outsourcing

A

BT call Centers in India

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27
Q

How is the Indian government trying to improve education?

A

By increasing the literacy rate from 64% in 2001 to 74% in 2011

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28
Q

How is tourism in India growing?

A

It accounted for 6.8% of India’s GDP

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29
Q

What is the definition of outsourcing?

A

When a company moves some of its services overseas

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30
Q

Give some positive points of call Centers in India

A
  • Young graduates can send money home to their families as they earn £5000 a year
  • People in India are more hardworking
  • 24/7 customer service for a fraction of the price
31
Q

Give some negative points about call Centers in India

A
  • most employees have to work 6 days a week
  • customer service is new to Indian culture
  • employees have to change their name to an American one (loss of identity)
32
Q

How many people in urban areas are over 80?

A

2.5 million

33
Q

What is a push factor?

A

Characteristics of a place that make you want to leave

34
Q

What is a pull factor?

A

Characteristics of a place which make you want to move there

35
Q

Name some push factors of rural India

A
  • there is very little education available
  • rural houses are wooden buildings with no running water sewage system and unreliable electricity
  • the cast system is still present
36
Q

Name some pull factors of urban areas in India

A
  • wages are higher
  • women can be educated
  • there is clean water and hospitals
37
Q

Describe a population pyramid in 1980 India

A

Very few live over 80 and most of the population is children

38
Q

Describe a population pyramid in 2018 India

A

Birth rate is falling due to contraception and people are living longer

39
Q

Describe a population pyramid in 2040 India

A

Most of the population is aged around 45-49 and birth rate still decreased as more people want jobs rather than childeren

40
Q

What is the GDP per capita in Maharashtra?

A

104,000 rupees

41
Q

What is the GDP per capita in Bihar?

A

27, 000 rupees

42
Q

What is the overall literacy rate in Maharashtra compared to Bihar?

A

82.34% compared to 47%

43
Q

Female literacy rate in Maharashtra compared to Bihar?

A

67.5% compared to 33%

44
Q

What percentage of Bihar’s population work in low skilled jobs

A

80%

45
Q

What % of the population of Bihar is rural?

A

86%

46
Q

What fraction of households earn less than how much a day?

A

1/2, 80p per day

47
Q

What percentage of the population in Bihar has electricity?

A

59%

48
Q

What fraction of children complete primary school in Bihar?

A

1/3

49
Q

What percentage of children in Bihar reach years 12 and 13?

A

2%

50
Q

What is the mean GDP per capita in India?

A

The mean GDP per capita of India is 1627 USD

51
Q

Economic growth and the environment

How much does air pollution reduce life expectancy in cities for how many people in India?

A

Reduces life expectancy by 3.2 years for the 60 million Indians that live in cities

52
Q

Economic growth and the environment

How many of the world’s top 20 polluted cities are in India

A

13

53
Q

Economic growth and the environment

How many micro grams of pollution per cubic meter does Delhi have?

A

153 micro grams

54
Q

Economic growth and the environment

What number of polluted rivers rose between what years?

A

121-275 rivers between 2010 to 2015

55
Q

What fraction of sewage in urban areas is actually treated? Where does the rest go?

A

1/3, the rest flows into rivers

56
Q

Economic growth and the environment

What are the three forms of water pollution and which is the main one?

A

Sewage, industrial waste and agricultural run off but sewage is the main cause of water pollution

57
Q

Economic growth and the environment

Between what years did India loose how many hectares of forest area?

A

(1951 -1976), 4.1 million hectares

58
Q

Economic growth and the environment

How many hectares of forest is India loosing per year?

A

1.5 million hectares

59
Q

Economic growth and the environment

What % of Indian land is facing what. What does this affect?

A

32% of Indian land is facing degradation that has an effect on its productivity

60
Q

Economic growth and the environment

What fraction of India’s lakes and wetlands disappeared between what years?

A

1/2 between 1911-2014

61
Q

Economic growth and the environment

What is India the third largest emitter of in the world?

A

Carbon dioxide

62
Q

How many tonnes of carbon dioxide does India produce?

A

5164 million tonnes

63
Q

Economic growth and the environment

Why would it be hard for India to reduce its co2 emissions?

A

Because 400 million people still don’t have access to electricity

64
Q

Economic growth and the environment

When did India face its driest monsoon since 2009?

A

2015

65
Q

Economic growth and the environment

Over what % of Indian farming relies on monsoon rain?

A

60%

66
Q

Economic growth and the environment

How much is the farming sector in India worth?

A

370 billion USD

67
Q

What was the unemployment rate in 1991 and what was it in 2014

A

20% and dropped to 8.6%

68
Q

How many were living in poverty in 1991 and what did it become in 2014?

A

36% and decreased to 30%

69
Q

What was the GDP PPP in 1991 and what did it increase to in 2014?

A

1.2 trillion USD to 7.3 trillion USD

70
Q

What was the access to finance percentage in 2011 and 2014?

A

26%-46% for woman and 44%-62% in males

71
Q

What is the GDP of Goa (the highest ranking state) in comparison to Bihar (the lowest ranking state)?

A

Goa has a GDP per capita of 3276 USD (above the mean) but Bihar has a GDP per capita of 945 USD

72
Q

How has the birth rate changed since the family planning program was introduced in 1952

A

Birth rates have fallen from 45 per 1000 in 1951-1961 to 21 per 1000 today

72
Q

How has urbanisation in India changed in comparison to the world?

A

Between 2000-2015, urbanisation went from 30.9% to 32.7% but the world went from 50.6% to 54%

72
Q

How has the female literacy rate improved?

A

Between 2001-2011 female literacy rate has improved from 53.77% to 61.5 % (greater rate of increase than males)

Geography Paper 1 - Development Dynamics (8 decks)

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