Case study: Changing Places, Newcastle

Question 1

What are the natural endogenous factors effecting Newcastle?

Answer 1

• Topography/relief
  > it is on top a steep valley side with Tyne to the south and farmland to the North
• Water
  > available in the Tyne by also many small tributaries that run under the city
• Rocks/geology
  > city is above a coal measures
  > sandstone found nearby in Durham is used to make many of the buildings
• Climate
  > cool int he summer on the North Sea, wind is described as baltic after the sea by locals
• Location
  > most

Question 2

What are the exogenous factors effecting Newcastle?

Answer 2

• Competition from abroad and the drive towards larger ships resulted in a decline in the ship building industry
  > Deindustrialisation and loss of jobs which can lead to a decrease in the quality of life
• Government decisions such as locating HMRC in the north of the city have delivered jobs to the city
  > Not complete yet, 2027
  >Leads to economic growth
• National government decisions on tertiary education have resulted in the growth of the tertiary and quaternary sectors in the University
  > Increase the prospect
• TNC retailers and the demand for larger retail unites resulted in the decline of Grainger Town as a retail area, then UK government funds a successful regeneration scheme allowed for its rebirth

Question 3

What are the human endogenous factors effecting Newcastle?

Answer 3

• Land use
  > changed a lot over time
  > defence, to
  farming/markets, to coal mining, then industrial manufacturing/ship building, and now industrial research and development which the Universities help with
• Economic characteristics
  > goes through all of the phase in order
  > primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
• Built environments
  > city centre is a mix of modernist buildings, neo classical and more high tech buildings
• Communications and infrastructure
  > linked via the East coast main line, an international airport and main roads such as the A1
  > Narrow part of the Tyne allows for a bridge to be made which allows communication
• demographic characteristics
  > young population
  > age progress moving North through the city
  > locals are known as Geordies
  > most ethnically diverse in NE

Question 4

What are the main economic sectors?

Answer 4

• Primary: extracting of resources
• Secondary: manufacturing
• Tertiary: services/retail, both to other people and the economy
  > transport, education,
  healthcare, financial
• Quaternary: science and research