Case study: Antarctica

Question 1

Key facts

Answer 1

South Pole
x2 size of AUS
Southern Ocean
Antarctic Convergence Zone
Research stations
-39c to -69c

Question 2

Climate change

Answer 2

43 gigatonnes of ice lost in 1990s
220 gigatonnes lost since 2012
3c rise on Antarctic Penninsula
Krill pop. decline

Question 3

Fishing and Whaling

Answer 3

Depletion of Southern Ocean whales
Distorted food web
Stopped by International Whaling Commission
Exclusion zone
Japan
Overfishing

Question 4

IWC Whaling Moratorium

Answer 4

Pause on commercial whaling
Doesnt apply to indigenous subsistence whalers
Norway and Iceland can poach in own waters
Must be reported

Question 5

International Whaling Commission

Answer 5

Protects every whale
Whale sancturies
Opens and closes whaling seasons

Question 6

Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition

Answer 6

Fishing treaties
Prevent exploitations
Negotiate polar codes

Question 7

Mineral resources

Answer 7

Increased pressure from depleted global stock
Huge available mineral stocks
Coal and Oil availability

Question 8

Antarctic Treaty

Answer 8

No one owns it
Global common
Free scientific access
Advanced notice
Research sharing

Question 9

Tourism and Science

Answer 9

Cruise ships
Lindblad plan
Well run

Question 10

Madrid protocol

Answer 10

Natural reserve dedicated to peace and science

Audits

Question 11

Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

Answer 11

Coordinate research effort

Advisory