Case Study 3, 4, 5 Flashcards
Chest pain what is the first intervention
- Nitroglycerin 0.6 mg sublingual up to 3x spaced 5 min apart.
- Morphine IV 2mg push
- Check BP & HR
- Lab test fir cardiac markers & daily electrogram
- Check BP & HR
(Establish Baseline)
Then
- Nitroglycerin 0.6 mg sublingual up to 3x spaced 5 min apart, check VS between doses.
Then if that doest work
- Morphine IV 2mg push
Chronic emphysema, feels SOB after walking. What should RN do first
- Notify HCP
- Increase Ox to 6/L via nasal Cannula
- Assess Ox Sat
- Remind client to cough and deep breath
- Assess Ox Sat
Always assess first unless a Loss of Life will occur or serious illness.
Notify HCP immediately
- Bilateral pitting edema ankle & calf rated +2
- Crackles in lower & middle lungs
- Dry peeling skin both feet
- Faint but palpable pedal & post-tibial pulse
- Crackles in lower & middle lungs
107 - 139 Men
87 - 107 Women
Are normal Values associated with 24 hr creatinine clearance.
What do high or low values signify
Both signify kidney disease/ damage
Fluid & Food restrictions on Hemodyalsis
Fluid 32 - 50 oz daily
Protein, potassium, phosphorus, sdoium
Why can’t a HD shunt placed in the left forearm be used for blood draws.
Risk of infections
Which statement will cause the RN supervisor to intervene for a CKD patient recieving hemodyalsis
- Sevelamer prevents your body from absorbing phosphate
- Take Folic acid after dialysis
- Take docusate to prevent Constipation that maybe caused by ferrous Sulfate
- Take epoetin alfa 3x weekly PO to treat anemia
- Take epoetin alfa 3x weekly PO to treat anemia.
Epoetin alfa to stimulate RBC production is given SQ or IV
1 day post-op kidney transplant. Temp 100.4, BP 168/92, Pain around transplant site. Best interpretation of the findings
- Hyperacute rejection
- Acute rejection
- Chronic rejection
- Transplant site infection
- Hyperacute rejection
Hyperacute rejection occurs 48 hrs after transplant surgery.
Acute rejection: occurs within the first few months.
Chronic rejection: happens after a year or at any time beyond.
What intervention is done for a Hyperacute rejection?
- Increased dosage of immunosuppressant medications
- IV antibiotics
- Conservative management including dialysis
- Immediate removal of transplanted kidney
- Immediate removal of transplanted kidney for Hyperacute rejection
Increased dose of immunosuppressant = Acute rejection
Conservative management = Chronic rejection
What is the priority nursing concept to consider when planning the emergency interventions for DKA
- Gas exchange
- Acid-base imbalance
- Fluid & electrolyte imbalance
- Adherence
- Fluid & electrolyte imbalance
Dehydration with DKA
When are the following fluids used.
Potassium supplements
5% Dextrose
0.9 NS
0.9 NS first fluid to correct dehydration in DKA
Potassium within 1 or 2 hrs after starting insulin
5% Dextrose when BS is approaching 250
Initially woth DKA potassium levels are _____
After insulin therapy expect _____ levels of potassium
Initially woth DKA potassium levels are (Norm / Elevated)
After insulin therapy expect (Low) levels of potassium
19 yr is hospitalized and doesn’t want his parents to know. He states: Please don’t call my mother. If she knows I’m in the hospital she will make me quit school and live with her.”
What is the best therapeutic communication
- None of the staff will tell her, but you should
- Your mom loves you and is concerned with your well-being
- It sounds like you want to be independent & responsible for yourself
- You are an adult, you have the right to make your own decisions.
- It sounds like you want to be independent & responsible for yourself
Acknowledge & Reflect statements is good therapeutic communication
1 & 4 give unsolicited advice
2 is platitude that is not supported by 1st hand knowledge
After treatment with Insulin for DKA in the critical phase the patient has a BS of 150. What should be the first action taken….
Notify HCP & infuse 10% glucose
Signs of hypokalemia
- Fatigue
- Cold, clammy skin
- Muscle weakness
- Hypotension
- Weak Pulse
- Shallow respirations
- Fatigue
- Muscle weakness
- Hypotension
- Weak Pulse
- Shallow respirations
Acute cholecystitis and a brief/ incomplete hand-off report. What is the priority question for the receiving nurse
- What are her vital signs
- Is she going to surgery or radiology this AM
- Is she still in pain
- Does she need any morning medications
- Is she going to surgery or radiology this AM
This will alter way you take care of her
Bowel obstruction HCP has dose of Psyllium prescribed standing order. The nurse want to give this med. But before doing so ask another nurse what she thinks. Which is the best response
1.Call HCP & verify if the standing order applies for this patient
- Give Psyllium accordingly to standing orders
3 Laxatives can cause bowel perforation if there is bowel perforation
- Client can’t be constipated they are on NPO
3 Laxatives can cause bowel perforation if there is bowel perforation
Bowel obstruction patient feels weak, confused. Her NG drainage container has large amounts of watery bile-colored fluid. Which lab value should be checked first
- BUN & Creatinine
- Platelets & WBC
- NA, K, pH
- Bilirubin, hematocrit, hemoglobin
- NA, K, pH
NG suction causes loss of NA / K.
Results = Metabolic Alkalosis
UC which situation needs immediate investigation
- Senna given yesterday AM
- One dose Atropine Sulfate was given yesterday
- IV infusion infliximab 5mg/kg
- IV hydrocortisone 100 mg
- Senna given yesterday AM
Laxatives are generally n9t given to UC patients
Atropine sulfate = Antidiarrheal (use sparingly)
Infliximab & hydrocortisone Both reduce inflammation
Sulfasalazine (Anti-inflammatory)
Which would you report immediately
- Decreased appetite
- N/V
- Decreased urine output
- Headache
- Decreased urine output
Nephron toxic
Acute pancreatitis: Develops dry cough, left-sided chest pain, SOB, low grade fever. Which complication does the nurse suspect
- Hypovolemic shock
- Pleural effusion
- Paralytic ileus
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Pleural effusion
Acute pancreatitis small amount of blood oozing from insertion site & palm shapped bruises on anterior lateral humerus. First action
- Remove IV line and restart at different site
- Remind UAP to handle clients gently
- Assess for other signs of obvious or Occult bleeding
- Obtain order for coagulation studies
Why is this a major concern
- Assess for other signs of obvious or Occult bleeding
Acute pancreatitis can lead to Disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC which can be fatal
Which is better for RA in the AM
Warm shower
Or
Bath
Shower
It is hard to get in and out of bath
New nurse tells team leader that she cannot find documentation that shows the time of Mr. GreenJeans last pain medication. What action should the team lead do?
1.Help the new nurse look it up in the MAR
2. Tell the new nurse to ask the night nurse before she leaves.
3. Speak to the night shift nurse about documentation
4. Have new nurse ask the patient
- Tell the new nurse to ask the night nurse before she leaves.
As a team lead attempt to have staff figure things out between themselves
Long-term opiod use to control pain from multiple myeloma. Which side effect is of major concern.
- Constipation
- Respiration
- N/V
- Sedation
- Constipation
Constipation is the only SE that one does not build a tolerance to.
End stage multiple myeloma medication list. Which one would you question
- Naltrexone
- Fentanyl
- Morphine
- Acetaminophen
- Naltrexone
Narcan (Naltrexone) is an opiod Antagonist
Match
Naproxex, Doxepin, Lorazepam, Dicyclomime
Anxiolytic, NSAID, Depression/ Neuropathic Pain, Muscle Spasms
Naproxex: NSAID
Doxepin: Neuropathic Pain
Lorazepam: Anxiolytic
Dicyclomime: Muscle Spasms
ED patient arrives stating vomited bright red blood 2x in last 6 hrs. Which task would the nurse perform first
- Draw blood for cbc & type cross match
- Establish 2 peripheral IV lines with 16 gauge catheters
- Insert NG tube and observe gastric contents
- Repeat vital signs and apply pulse ox
- Establish 2 peripheral IV lines with 16 gauge catheters
Hypovolemia due to blood loss is the concern.
UAP can do VS Not necessary for nurse to do it
ED client arrived having vomited blood 2x in last 6 hrs. Which finding should be immediately reported
- Melena stools
- History of NSAID use
- Tense & rigid abdomen
- Risk factors for HIV
- Tense & rigid abdomen
Tense & rigid abdomen signals perforation, peritonitis, or worsening hemorrhage
Uncooperative states they will leave if you put a NG tube in their nose. What should nurse do first
- Physically restrain and insert tube
- Explain the AMA form
- Notify nursing supervisor & patient advocate
- Page HCP & document attempt
- Page HCP & document attempt
HCP can order restraints if patient cannot make safe decisions.
HCP may try to convince or have them sign AMA form.
Nursing supervisor & advocate can be notified if situación escalates
NG tube inserted. Which is greatest cause for concern
- Reports tube is irritating nose and throat feels sore
- Gastric contents have a coffee-ground appearance
- Patient coughs frequently and connect speak clearly
- Gastric fluid is bright red & small clots
- Patient coughs frequently and connect speak clearly
Tube was inserted in trachea. Remove immediately.
Findings of blood should be reported but are less urgent than a tube in the trachea
Lab informs nurse that phlebotomist may have mislabeled or drawn sample from other patient in a STAT order. What should the nurse do first.
- Call phlebotomist to come back
- Draw a new blood sample and lable it.
- Report the phlebotomist to their supervisor
- Ask phlebotomist to explain what happened
- Draw a new blood sample and lable it.
STAT order needs to be done STAT
Blood Transfusion. IRN is 2.5 what action should be taken next
- No action this is within normal findings for GI bleeding
- HCP notified for possible prescription of FFP Fresh Frozen Plasma
- Laboratorio findings should be reevaluated at completion of treatment
- Contact Blood bank for additional units of packed RBC
HCP notified for possible prescription of FFP Fresh Frozen Plasma
FFP contains coagulation factors that will clot the blood.
IRN should normally be <1.1
Describe the following values on the Glassgow Coma Scale
13 to 15:
9 to 12:
3 to 8:
15 is Best possible score
13 - 15 Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Also known as a concussion.
9 - 12 Moderate TBI
3 - 8 Severe TBI
3 is No response at all
Decorticate Posturing/ Decerebrate Posturing
Both describe abnormal body posistions associated with Injury / Disease to brain
(Stiff legs held out straight, Arms bent to chest wrist & fingers bent, Toes pointed downward, Fist clenched, arched backward head, unresponsiveness)
(Arms held to side of body with palms away from body and fingers curled, Toes pointed downward and inward, head arched backwards)
Decorticate Posturing
Stiff legs held out straight, Arms bent to chest wrist & fingers bent, Toes pointed downward, Fist clenched, arched backward head, unresponsive
Decerebrate posturing
Arms held to side of body with palms away from body and fingers curled, Toes pointed downward and inward, head arched backwards
Babinski sign is used to check for damage to brain or spinal cord. Describe the process
Stroke the sole of the foot
Positive Babinski sign is when the big toe extends upward and the other toes fan out.
A normal response is when the toes curl downward and bow
Increases ICP in ED. Which nurse is best for primary care
- RN from temp agency with extensive previous emergency care who has been working on the ED for 3 days
- LPN with 10 years experience in ED who is in last semester of RN program
- RN who worked in ED for the past 5 years after transferring from the mother baby unit.
- RN with 12 years ICU experience and floated to ED today.
- RN who worked in ED for the past 5 years after transferring from the mother baby unit.
Familiarity with location of equipment and organization of care in ED
Patient fell from 2nd story. Fixed & dilated pupils, widened pulse pressure 190/ 40, and Bradycardia are all causes by increasing pressure on brainstem and indicate she is at risk for…
Brainstem herniation (results in brain death)
MAP 80 - ICP 22 = CPP 58
What does this represent
Mean arterial pressure (Mean pressure of arteries: MAP = 0.42×SBP + 0.58× 64
Minus
ICP = Norm range (0 - 15)
EQUALS
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure
(Amount of blood Perfusion to brain)
60 - 80 Normal Range