Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fugly Edward 1 > Case Study > Flashcards

Case Study Flashcards

1
Q

What had been the accepted principles of who owned land in Wales since Norman times

A

Welsh lords owned land but had to acknowledge the king as the overlord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was the name of the kingdom within what is now North Wales

A

Gwynedd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What about Gwynedd made it a natural stronghold for the a Welsh against English kings

A
  • Welsh natural borderlands provided a buffer zone to the east
  • deep river Conwy acted as a moat
  • large fertile land of Anglesey was isolated from the mainland by Menai Strait
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name of the person who had become the powerful prince of Gwynedd

A

Llewelyn ap Griffiths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How had Llewelyn interfered in English politics before 1272

A
  • Treaty of Montgomery (1267) -> recognised Llewelyn as the Prince of Wales
  • also helped Simon de Montford
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How did Llewelyn cause problems for Edward when Edward first became king

A

Refused to pay homage to+ pay Edward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In what year did Edward first enter Wales to force the Welsh to submit to his authority

A

1277

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was the population of 13th century Wales

A

300,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the population of 13th century England

A

4 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which was the larger and wealthier country

A

England

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name 2 ways the English army were better resourced than the Welsh

A

More money + soldiers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What tactic did the Welsh use to compensate for the strength of the English army

A

Used the rugged countryside to escape the English

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

From what directions did Edward’s forces attack the Welsh

A
  • one group came on ship to Anglesey
  • one group came from south on mainland
  • one group came from east on mainland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was the action Edward to took that made the a Welsh struggle during the winter of 1277

A

Destroyed the crops in Anglesey which were a main food source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When did Llewelyn surrender

A

Nov 1277

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the treaty of surrender and what it meant

A

Treaty of Aberconwy -> had to pay homage to Edward + give up most of his land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What land was Llelweltn allowed to keep

A

West Gwynedd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who was given the rest of the kingdom and why

A

His brother Dafydd for his loyalty to Edward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why was there a 2nd Welsh war and who led the Welsh

A

Due to harsh treatment from English officials
-> led by Llewelyn and Dafydd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Give evidence of how Edward was ruthless with the Welsh leaders at the end of the 2nd campaign

A

Llewelyn was hung + Dafydd was hung drawn and quartered then their heads were paraded and displayed in the Tower of London

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What was the collective term given to the castles built in North Wales

A

Ring of iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What was significant about the specific siting of these castles

A

In places associated with Llewelyn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How much did Edward spend on castles over the next 12 years

A

£80,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where were these castles built and who was the architect

A

Conway, Caernarvon, Beaumaris
James of St George

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Name 5 key defensive features of the castles

A
  • moats
  • turrets
  • tall + big enough (concentric castles) to keep a permanent garrison
  • stone
  • arrow loop
  • ramparts
  • sea access
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What engineering project did Edward order at Rhuddlan and why

A

Rerouted the river closer to the castle to stagger attacks + make supplies more accessible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Give an argument that the Welsh could’ve never overcome the castles

A

Didn’t have siege engines

28
Q

Give examples of the symbolic importance of Edwards castles in North Wales

A
  • his power + the overlord of Wales
  • places associated with Llewelyn
    -> Conwy where he had a great hall and Caernarfon which was the centre of Gwynedd and symbolic of his ancestral home
  • had striped walls in Caernarvon like Constinople (associated himself with an emperor)
  • remodelled areas of England (Chester)
29
Q

Name 2 practical problems with the castles

A
  • couldn’t hold that many people
30
Q

Name 2 causes of the Welsh rebellion of 1294-5

A
  • English demand for more taxation in 1293
  • the expectation the Welsh would produce troops to fight in France
31
Q

Who led the rebellion of 1294-5

A

Madog ap Llewelyn

32
Q

Evidence of Welsh success in the rebellion of 1294-5

A

Managed to overrun the defences of Caernarvon + kill royal officials

33
Q

Give evidence of Welsh failures/English success in the rebellion of 1294-5

A

Castles in Harlech + Conwy remained secure and easily supplied

34
Q

How did the events of 1294-5 rebellion the true intention for the role of castles in Wales

A

Checkpoints
Safe spaces
Places to move

35
Q

What was the last of Edward castles built after the rebellion

A

Beaumaris

36
Q

Name given to the fortified towns

A

Bastide

37
Q

Who was allowed to live in the towns

A

The English

38
Q

Who helped Edward find English colonists to move to Wales

A

Sheriffs of English counties bordering Wales

39
Q

What incentives were offered to English people to move there

A
  • Giving them land that would be rent free for at least 3 years
  • the right to graze on common land
    (Settlers in Caernarvon were given almost 1500 acres total)
40
Q

From which other place had Edward got the idea of fortified towns

A

Gascony where Edward was Duke

41
Q

What English towns were inspiration for Welsh towns

A

Chester - Flint
Bristol - Aberystwyth

42
Q

In which locations did Edward start building towns

A

Flint and Aberystwyth

43
Q

Which towns were the second group built

A

Caernarvon, Conwy and Harlech

44
Q

What was done to ensure trade developed well in the towns in Wales

A
  • invited English merchants to live there
  • Welsh weren’t allowed to trade outside of towns
45
Q

Why did Edward abandon his dads site at Deganwy for Conwy

A

Had more space for growth and better access to water

46
Q

In the new towns, who became the mayor

A

The constable of the castle

47
Q

What was the responsibility of the colonists who lived in the towns

A

Help defend the town on ramparts and make sure the castles were supplied

48
Q

What evidence is there for towns prospering

A

Were all expanding beyond their walls

49
Q

How did Edward deal with the population of Anglesey after 1294-5 rebellion

A

Moved them to the other side of the island

50
Q

Name 5 ways the towns were important to Edward by the end of his reign

A
  • part of the military settlement of Wales (connected to the castles)
  • money -> trade + tax
  • provided a permanent English population
  • provided administrative castles
  • a way of anglicising Wales
51
Q

Name 3 towns intended to provide the administrative centres for royal control and lasting English colonisation

A
  • flint
  • Conwy
  • Caernarvon
52
Q

How did the English colonists expand their dominance of the Welsh economy outside the towns

A
  • bought mills and fisheries -> taking over Wales (anglicising)
  • bought more land
53
Q

What law brought Wales under the English legal system

A

Statute of Rhuddlan (1284)

54
Q

What English legal roles and institutions were introduced to Wales

A
  • justiciar Made in charge of courts
  • sheriffs
  • hue and cry
  • county/hundred courts introduced
55
Q

Name 2 ways Statute of Rhuddlan established the dominance of English rather than Welsh legal traditions

A
  • English criminal law used
  • made going against the monarch a serious offence
  • got rid of compensation for murder
56
Q

Name 2 ways it recognised Welsh traditions

A
  • retained the Welsh custom of dividing inheritances between male heirs
  • Welsh law was used for dispute over property
57
Q

Why did Edward feel he was entitled to replace the major Welsh lords

A

Ever since the Norman conquest they were made to pay homage but they rebelled

58
Q

Who did Edward replace the old ruling families of Wales with

A

The middle ranks of society
-> would be thankful and devoted to Edward whilst the top ranks lost power

59
Q

Why was replacing the old ruling families with middle rank families a smart move

A

Welsh people were more likely to be tolerant to Welsh leaders rather than if he replaced them with English men

60
Q

What were the job titles of some of the other English people who helped Edward govern Wales

A

Justiciar
Chamberlain

61
Q

Who was the new Archbishop of Canterbury

A

John Peckham (appointed in 1279)

62
Q

What was Peckhams opinion of the Welsh

A

Lazy people who followed ancient and unchristian customs

63
Q

What did Peckham demand of Edward in Nov 1284

A

That he pay £1730 to repair Welsh castles that were damaged

64
Q

How did the archbishop support Edward

A
  • encourages and supports building of towns
  • supports bringing English settlers to anglicise the Welsh
  • sends in Friars to educate Welsh
  • monitored the Welsh church and replaced any members of the clergy who didn’t follow what Edward wanted
65
Q

How the Bishop Anian of Bangor help Edward and the Archbishop

A

Where there were Welsh who didn’t want to surrender he helped make negotiations

66
Q

What happened to the Welsh speaking monks if Talley in 1284

A

Expelled to make way for English Christians

67
Q

Name a Welsh cathedral that was rebuilt

A

St Asaph Cathedral

Fugly Edward 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions