Case Study #1 Asthma

Question 1

Describe the pathophysiology and manifestation of asthma

Answer 1

• response to antigen or allergen
• resulting in mucous production, brochospasm resulting in narrowing of the airways and the surrounding smooth muscles
• Late phase is 408 hours with inflammation and increased airway responsiveness in which prolongs attach

Manifestation

• chest tightness
• tachypnea
• sob
• wheezing on expiration
• use of accessory muscles
• cough
• shallow breathing
• anxiety

Question 2

identify the common triggers of asthma attacks and describe how these can be avoided

Answer 2

• respiratory infection
• exercise
• irritants
• emotions
• hormones
• GI reflux
• aspirin/nsaids

Question 3

identify medications commonly used in the treatment of asthma and state the classification and mechanism of action of each

Answer 3

Salbutamol - shortacting brochodilator (Beta2-adrenergic agonist)
MOA - Relaxation of airway smooth muscle with subsequent bronchodilation.

Pulmicort - glucocorticoid steroid (antiinflammatory)
MOA - reduces inflammation and hyperactivity of the airway

Prednisone - (antiinflammatory, intermediate action)
MOA - suppresses inflammation and the normal immune response.

Question 4

Describe the nursing management of an individual with asthma

Answer 4

• Assess and support the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation and monitor his clinical status and vital signs.
• comfortable position (high Fowler’s or sitting, unless contraindicated by his hemodynamic status) and encourage him to relax.
• Maintain a calm environment and reassure the patient that you’re there to ensure his safety.
• Explain to him that agitation will worsen his breathlessness, and that relaxing will help reduce oxygen consumption and improve his condition.

Monitor your patient’s fluid balance.

-administer medications as needed