Case Studies: Human Environments Flashcards
DEVELOPED Location of Glasgow Case Study: CBD -Location -Reasons for location -Identifiable features -Examples in Glasgow
Glasgow city centre
Locations of the CBD:
In the centre of a city.
At the most accessible location such as at a crossing point of a river, like Glasgow’s River Clyde.
Near the oldest part of town.
Reasons for CBD location:
Central location for road/railways to converge.
Most accessible location for workers.
accessible to most people for shops and businesses
Often a strong geographical location, eg Glasgow is surrounded by hills for defence.
Identifying features of the CBD: Tall/multi-storey buildings Expensive land values High density of roads and buildings Lack of open space Shops, eg department stores Modern shopping malls and pedestrian precincts Cultural/historical buildings,eg museums and castles Offices, eg business sector Entertainments, eg theatres and clubs Bus and railway stations High traffic and pedestrian flows, eg commuter rush-hour Multi-storey car parks Grid iron street pattern
Examples in Glasgow:
High/multi-storey buildings - Hilton Hotel
Modern shopping mall/pedestrian precinct - Buchanan Galleries
Lack of open space - Merchant City
Department stores
Cultural/historical buildings - Gallery of Modern Art
Entertainment
Transport centres - Buchanan Street Bus Station
Multi-storey car parks
Grid iron street pattern - Sauchiehall Street, Bath Street and Renfield Street
DEVELOPED Location of Glasgow Case Study: Inner City -Location -Reasons for location -Identifiable features -Example place in Glasgow
Glasgow Inner City
Locations of the inner city:
In older cities, the inner city area is near the centre and surrounding the CBD.
Inner city areas are identified not only by their physical features but often by negative socio-economic features, eg derelict buildings, waste ground and run-down housing.
Reasons for inner city location:
Old heavy industrial factories were near the city centre.
Low-cost housing like tenements were built quickly for poorly paid workers who needed to live close to work.
People in poor inner city areas were able to make use of city centre amenities.
Identifying features of the inner city:
High density of buildings and lack of good quality open space, eg parks.
Grid iron street pattern
Older, 19th century, low-cost housing - likely to be tenements in Scotland and terraced housing in England.
Poor quality housing with a lack of gardens.
Derelict land
Old industry in decline or shut down.
A declining population with high unemployment.
Large areas of redevelopment or urban regeneration.
Limited convenience shopping facilities.
High levels of air pollution from traffic.
Visual pollution in the form of vandalism and graffiti.
Areas demolished and used for motorways and ring roads.
An example of an inner city area in Glasgow is Govan
DEVELOPED Location of Glasgow Case Study: New Housing Zone/ Suburbs -Location -Reasons for location -Identifiable features -Example place in Glasgow
New housing estate, Glasgow
Location of a new housing zone:
On the outskirts of the town/city in the suburbs.
Where there is more space to build.
Beside main transport routes for access into CBD.
Reasons for new housing zone location:
Towns and cities grow outwards, so logically the newest houses will be further away from the oldest part of the town in the CBD.
There is more space and cheaper land to build larger family homes with gardens and garages.
Identifying features of a new housing zone:
Low density and larger houses as the land is cheaper away from the CBD.
Street pattern designed by town planners in modern cul-de-sacs and crescents to reduce the speed of traffic and so safer for children.
Good quality open space, eg parks.
Newer, 20th and 21st century housing - likely to be detached or semi-detached houses.
Good quality housing with gardens and space for extensions like conservatories.
Surrounded by green land.
Separated from industry.
Convenience shopping facilities, eg corner shops.
Nearby schools for children.
Low levels of air pollution as far away from CBD traffic.
Quieter area with nicer scenery because of its proximity to the countryside.
An example of a new housing area in Glasgow is Newton Mearns.
DEVELOPED Location of Glasgow Case Study: New Industrial Zone -Location -Reasons for location -Identifiable features -Example place in Glasgow
Glasgow new industrial estate
Location of a new industrial zone:
On the outskirts of the town on a greenfield site.
Beside main roads for access.
On flat land with open space.
Reasons for new industrial zone location:
It is away from the congestion of the CBD.
There is room to expand.
The land is cheaper so low density factories can be built.
Identifying features of a new industrial zone:
Low density – one or two storey buildings.
Modern buildings built of brick and finished with glass.
Separated from housing.
Landscaped with trees and shrubs.
Factories are grouped together in industrial estates.
Main roads are nearby to import/export.
Large car parks for workers and delivery lorries.
An example of a modern industrial estate in Glasgow is Hillington Industrial Estate.
DEVELOPED Location of Glasgow Case Study: New Business District -Location -Reasons for location -Identifiable features -Example place in Glasgow
Braehead shopping centre, Glasgow
Location of a new business district:
On spacious sites on the outskirts of a town/city.
Beside main roads/motorways.
Reasons for new business district location:
There is plenty of space to build large supermarkets, furniture stores and entertainment facilities like bowling alleys and cinemas.
Motorways provide easy access for shoppers.
Identifying features of a new business district:
Very large buildings, eg cinemas and supermarkets.
Shops and services grouped together in retail parks.
Separated from housing and industry.
Thousands of free parking spaces.
Beside motorway or where main roads meet.
Built on cheap land with space to expand.
Low modern buildings.
Wide roads to accommodate many cars and delivery trucks.
An example of a new business district in Glasgow is Braehead.
DEVELOPED
For Glasgow, or any other developed world city you have studied, explain the main changes which have taken place in the CBD over recent years (5)
In Glasgow, many old buildings like Candleriggs Fruit Market are no longer needed or suited to their original purpose so are converted into houses, hotels etc (1), to make use of the valuable space (1). These converted buildings also afford the opportunity for new land users to move in (1). Many areas like Buchanan Street have become pedestrianised to make it safer for shoppers (1) and reduce the number of vehicles in the centre as well as reducing pollution (2). Many small shops have gone out of business and have been replaced with larger chain stores (1) as these land users can afford the high rents of the city centre (1). Indoor shopping malls eg Buchanan Galleries are being built to try to encourage customers back into the town centre (1). They are not affected by the weather and easily accessible to more customers (1).
DEVELOPING
For a named city in the developing world describe, in detail, measures taken to improve conditions in shanty towns. (6)
In Dharavi, Mumbai the city drew up a redevelopment scheme which included knocking areas down to build high rise apartments with electricity, sewerage and water. This is expensive so they have also set up self-help schemes to help the residents of Dharavi. These schemes persuade authorities to give the residents ownership of their land to design their own improvements to the area. These include building more floors to their houses and making stronger foundations for their homes. The people are skilled enough to carry out their own improvements like building schools to send their children to.
DEVELOPED
Land use zones in developed world cities
Case study - Glasgow
List the land use zones
Central business district (CBD) Inner city (old housing and old industrial zones) New housing zone New industrial zone New business district
DEVELOPING
Issues in shanty towns
The huge volume of people migrating to cities has caused many problems. New arrivals to the city build their own houses out of basic materials such as tarpaulin, corrugated sheets and broken bricks, on land which they neither own nor rent. These areas are illegal and are not catered for by the Government, so there is no electricity, schools or hospitals and if there is they’re illegal. The houses in these settlements have no basic amenities such as running water or toilets, so there are high incidences of diseases like cholera and dysentery. Because of the lack of toilets and poor sanitation, sewage often runs in open drains. This causes diseases which spread rapidly.
People are poor and cannot afford healthcare or medicines so illnesses go untreated. Diseases spread rapidly. As a result, infant mortality rates are high and life expectancy is low.
