CASE STUDIES

Question 1

Montserrat

Answer 1

PE - 19 died, 120mph pyroclastic flow, 600*C, 2/3 homes destroyed

SE -?70% ^ in rent, 9000/1200 migrated

PR - 50% evacuated, £14m UK aid, evacuation zone, NGOs (Red Cross)

SR - Volcanic observatory 1995, £41m UK aid, permanent residency, tourism £12m a year

Question 2

Eyjafjallajokull Iceland

Answer 2

2010
Pyroclastic flow into jet stream, Europe
£130m a day for 6 days for airlines
1000 evacuated

Question 3

Mt. Nyragongo, Goma

Answer 3

2002
100 died 
Cholera outbreak 
CO2 released from volcano still 
Lava flows, 5m depth

Question 4

Mt. Pinatubo

Answer 4

1991 
30km ash into atmosphere 
200,000 homeless 
6 immediate deaths, 700 total
1 million farm animals died 
Caused Lahars 
Climate change ozone depletion

Question 5

Kobe Japan Earthquake

Answer 5

1995, 7.2 magnitude, 20s tremors, destructive

6434 deaths, 300,00 homeless, $220 Billion in damage, 1million without water for 10days

Search and rescue, 80% railway operational within a month

Buildings built further apart, flexible and rubber shock absorbing blocks

Question 6

Haiti Earthquake

Answer 6

2010 7.0 magnitude

300,00 approx. Died, 1.5 million homeless, $11.5 billion in damage, squatter camps Cholera spread

200,00 financial aid for work
World Bank $100 million

Question 7

Boxing Day Tsunami, Indonesia

Answer 7

2004 9.2 magnitude
Vegetation destroyed up to 800m inland
300,000 died, 500,000 homeless, fishing industry lost $226 Million

£75m In UK aid, public £100 million, 160 aid organisations

Warning system 2006, rebuild schemes

Question 8

Hurricane Katrina

Answer 8

2005 Category 5
280kmh winds, 50% land is below sea level, 80% was flooded

110,000 homes flooded, 1846 immediate deaths, 1 million made refugees

Oil damaged, petrol price increase globally, $200 billion in range

Louisiana superdome, sheltered 26,000, $51 billion government aid

Question 9

Typhoon Haiyan Philippines

Answer 9

2014,
190mph winds, waves 15m high

2 million homeless, 6190 died, $53 million lost in fishing and crop sectors

1200 evacuation centres, cash for work, no build zone for 2024

Question 10

Black Saturday Wildfires Australia

Answer 10

2009

400 bushfires, 2029 homes destroyed, 173 died

€4.4 billion, 70 national parks destroyed, 1,100,000 acres burnt

Stay and defend, didn’t work, €10 million emergence assistance, new hazard system