Case Studies

Question 1

Urban Policy:

> 1979-91
1991-97
1997-00s

Answer 1

UDC (Urban Development Corporation) • government bodies to regenerate inner city areas; buying land, building infastructure and marketing > investment (London Docklands)

City Challenge • cities competing for grants, focused on tackling social/economic/environmental problems in run-down areas (Hulme City Challenge)

Housing Market Renewal Strategy • demolition, refurbishment and new-building

Question 2

SMART city - [No1 Barcelona]

Answer 2

• stella bus transit system • (clean/efficient/well-connected/low emissions as hybrid)
• bicing • 6,000 bikes/400 stations/app so tourist friendly
• pneumatic waste management • not visible/no smell/wifi to plan collection
• renewable energy “Districtlina” • heating from urban waste incineration/seawater for cooling > reduce CO2 by 440 tons
• IDBCN • public info: elections/population/facilities) Bústia Ciutadana • complaints on city problems/improvement suggestions
• “@22” innovation project for regeneration • subsidised housing/green spaces/entrepeneurial aid for products helping city

-Rio, Cape Town, Boston followed by example

Question 3

Deprevation/Urban decay - East Leeds

Answer 3

Harehills:

• densest populated borough in Leeds
• 2/3 housing=rented (council/social/landlords) attracting low-income groups inc ethnic minorities

Socio-economic issues:

• 2/5 household’s > council benefits
• 2006 8% unemployed
• 57% 16-74yrs economically active (under 1/3 5 A*-Cs)
• life expenctancy 76/72 city/suburb

Seacroft:

• 1/2 households no car
• transport investment cancelled 2006
• most deprived SOA in Leeds
• 97% 9,000 white

Managing ammenity demand:

• EASEL regeneration project • £1bn
• Neighbourhood renewal fund • 2007-08 £15m up quality of life/employment
• new GP’s/sexual health clinics to tackle teenage pregnancy
• transport ongoing issue

Question 4

Dhaka Air Pollution

Answer 4

Problems • 15,000 premature deaths/respiratory illnesses, makn cause vehicular air pollution (WHO)

Causes • poorly serviced vehicles (2nd hand cars up 46%)/road or construction dust/toxic fumes/acid rain

Solution • cleaner brick manufacturing/strengthening environmental laws (like the ban on leaded petrol)/improving puclic transport + sidewalks

Question 5

Sundarbans, Bangladesh - Coastal Zones Case Study

Answer 5

Eroison • transportation of sediment through interconnecting waterways causing this through abrasion/attrition
Deposition • eroded sand collects at river mouths forming banks blown into dunes above high-water
Flooding • low-lying land with no escape for water from cyclones (challenges also)

Challenges: remoteness, deforestation, illegal fishing (H) coastal resources over-exploited from venerable habitats, conversion of wetlands to intensive agriculture (N)

Importance: GOODS - food/drink (fish/fruits) textiles (fur/skins/synthetics) SERVICES - protection (flood/erosion/cyclone) value (scientific/tourism)

Management:
investment in physical infastructure (roads/telecommunications/schools/hospitals)

Question 6

North Norfolk:

Answer 6

Hundstanton:
(unmanaged east) wave cut platform/cliffs where mass movement has evidently taken place due to rocks at base/negative feedback: human activity
(managed west) curved sea wall/wooden groynes

Brancaster:
V-shaped groynes (build up of sand without preventing longshore drift)/sand dunes (fencing encouraged this)/rip rap and sea wall (placed around golfing area due to economic value)

Overstrand:
clay cliffs with concrete deposits to prevent erosion (high-energy coast) and gabions to atop cliff slumping (with drainage pipes to release water)/

Question 7

Woodbridge Road

Answer 7

Grocer: hilighted locals saw benefit in getting produce cheaper rather than fresher/more ethically sourced, damaging multiple businesses (including closing of bakery/fish mongers)

302/336 white

2/3+ in full/part-time employment

almost half of crimes committed in area were of anti-social, violent or sexual nature

BUSINESSES/SERVICES: (dry) cleaner’s/spar/tailors/energy shop/garden shop/business centre/funeral service/multiple car service+MOT garages

Question 8

New York -megacity

Answer 8

Waste: 50,000 tonnes waste daily
2006=waste management program, from land to water waste system using natural reosources
-thinkinng about introducing reward schemes for recycling water bottle
-no.5 top 10 worst traffic in the world, trying to make the roads wider, improving public transport & subways
-equality=black population minority but gets arrested more than a a white person; male:female wage= 1:0.77