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Geography Population > Case Studies > Flashcards

Case Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

Name an area with a youthful population

A

Bristol, UK or Uganda, Africa

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2
Q

Name an area with an ageing population

A

Cornwall, UK

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3
Q

Name an area that is suffering from high emigration

A

Poland

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4
Q

Name an area that is suffering from high immigration

A

Peterborough, UK

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5
Q

Name impacts of migration on country of origin

A 
Brain drain
Imbalance
Gender skew
Emancipation of women
Less economically active
Shortage of skilled workers
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6
Q

Name impacts of migration on destination country

A 
Increased work force
Shortage of jobs
Improved work ethic
Tax
Racism
Segregation
Overcrowding
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7
Q

Name negative impacts of ageing populations

A 
Increased health costs
Strain on NHS
Pensions
Welfare costs
Housing
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8
Q

Name positive impacts of ageing populations

A

Grey pound
Grey vote
Welfare systems
Local transport improvements

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9
Q

Name impacts of youthful populations

A 
Demand on health services
Overcrowding in inner city
High rural to urban migration
Rise in informal employment 
Rise in unemployment
Early childbearing reduces female education and emancipation
Growth of squatter settlements
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10
Q

What is Uganda’s fertility rate?

A

6.7

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11
Q

What percentage of Uganda’s population are under 15?

A

50%

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12
Q

Is Uganda’s dependency rate high or low?

A

High

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13
Q

Name the two pessimistic models

A

Malthus and Club of Rome

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14
Q

Name the two optimistic models

A

Boserup and Simon

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15
Q

What did Malthus suggest?

A

Resources increase at an arithmetic rate, whilst population increases at an exponential rate
Carrying capacity is exceeded when crisis point is reached, resulting in overpopulation
Unchecked population growth would inevitably lead to famine
Positive checks (war, famine) and preventative checks (birth control, abstinence) could prevent crisis point

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16
Q

What did Club of Rome suggest?

A

Inevitable collapse of civilisation unless economic growth halted
Predicted population of 7 billion by 2000
Wrote essay ‘Limits to Growth’

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17
Q

What are the limitations of the pessimistic models?

A

Do not take human innovation into account
Do not consider human adaptability
Global carrying capacity increased due to human technology (alternative fuels, Green Revolution etc.)

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18
Q

What did Boserup suggest?

A

Positive aspects to large population
Pressure from population increase upon agriculture stimulates invention
Changes in technology allow for improved crop strains and increased yields
Backed up by Green Revolution

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19
Q

What did Simon suggest?

A

Supply of natural resources is infinite
Rising prices for limited resources force people to producing new technology for other resurces
Human brain power is the only scarcity

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20
Q

What are the limitations of the optimistic models?

A

Only based on closed societies
Migration is not taken into consideration
Technology can be unsustainable and environmentally degrading

21
Q

Name the anti-natal case studies

A

One Child Policy, China

Kerala, South-West India

22
Q

Name the pro-natal case studies

A

France, EU

Laviano, Italy

23
Q

Name the transmigration case study

A

Indonesia (Java, Bali and Madura to Borneo and Sulawesi)

24
Q

Describe the One Child Policy strategy

A

Applied to Han Chinese
One child per family (multiple births were exempt)
5-10% salary rise for one child families
Fines, salary penalties and forced abortions/sterilisations for more children
Granny police encouraged contraception

25
Q

Describe the One Child Policy problems

A 
Forced abortions
37 million female infanticides
Gender skew (114 males to 100 females)
Rise in sex work
Ageing populations (Shanghai particularly)
4-2-1 issue
Little Emperor Syndrome
400 million fewer people born
26
Q

Describe the One Child Policy changes since 1990

A

Sibling-less couple allowed 2 children

Shanghai exempt

27
Q

Describe Kerala’s strategy

A 
Improve education and adult literacy
Emancipate women
Encourage female careers
Free contraception and sexual health services
Land reform (8ha)
28
Q

Describe the impact on Kerala

A 
Increased GDP
Stage 4 of DTM
High adult literacy
Falling birth rate
Steady sustainable population growth
29
Q

Describe France’s problems

A 
Falling birth rate (below replacement level)
Stage 5 of DTM
Falling economically active
High dependency ratio
High number of elderly dependents
30
Q

Describe France’s strategy

A

Three years paid maternity leave
Free nursery care
Schooling from age 3
Earlier retirement for women

31
Q

Describe France’s effectiveness

A

Fertility rate increased from 1.7 to 1.9
Reduced dependency ratio
Increased economically active
Sustainable population

32
Q

Describe Laviano’s strategy

A

Mayor Rocco Falivena introduced cash for babies scheme

£7000 paid over 6 years of child’s life

33
Q

Describe Indonesia’s strategy

A

Move millions from overpopulated islandsJava, Bali and Madura to underpopulated islands Borneo and Sulawesi
£7000 incentive per family

34
Q

Describe Indonesia’s problems

A

10% of Borneo and Sulawesi is dense tropical rainforest
Incentives caused national debt
Racial tension increase

35
Q

What is the inner city case study?

A

Byker Ward, Newcastle

36
Q

What is the suburban case study?

A

Jesmond, Newcastle

37
Q

What is the rural/urban fringe case study?

A

Gosforth, Newcastle

38
Q

What is the rural area case study?

A

Wylam, Newcastle

39
Q

What is Byker Ward’s history?

A

Orginally Victorian working-class area of densely built terraces
By 1960s, area had fallen into socio-economic and environmental decline
1,200 dwellings unfit for human habitation
80% wanted to stay

40
Q

Describe Byker Ward’s housing

A

Byker Wall
Small windows at rear to reduce noise pollution
Combination of low, medium and high storey housing
Affordable
Welfare housing

41
Q

Describe Byker Ward’s services

A

Neighbourhood heating scheme to subsidize heating costs
Metro Station
Good transport links
Dual carriageway

42
Q

Describe Byker Ward’s population structure

A

White British 95%
Second generation migrants
Asylum seekers 5%
High unemployment 7%

43
Q

Describe Jesmond’s housing

A

Georgian style
Large homes
Double depth
Studentification has led to sub-divided houses

44
Q

Describe Jesmond’s population structure

A

White British 92%
Ethnic minorities/overseas students 8%
Low unemployment 2%

45
Q

Describe Gosforth’s housing

A

Part of Newcastle conurbation (ex-suburb)
Large family homes
Gardens
Unaffordable for the majority
Infilling of brownfield led to new housing/flats for first time buyers

46
Q

Describe Gosforth’s population structure

A

White British 96%

Low unemployment 2%

47
Q

Describe Wylam’s housing

A 
Converted farm buildings
Country homes
New estates built on greenfield to meet demand
Village green
Community hub
48
Q

Describe Wylam’s population structure

A

White British 98.8%
Very low unemployment 1%
Many retirees 17%

Geography Population (5 decks)

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