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case studies Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the India case study

A

The call centres

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2
Q

why is India a good place to invest

A

large workforce
low cost of wages
world class infrastructure
coastline
politically stable
SEZs ( special economic zones )

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3
Q

why do the people in the call centre like to work there

A

pays them as much a doctor would in india ($5000)
provides for their families
lots of hours

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4
Q

why is it bad to work in the call centres in India

A

have to speak fluent English
lose their accent which can make them loose their identity and also their Indian name

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5
Q

where is the coffee trade case study

A

Ethiopia

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6
Q

what is the ICA and why did it exist

A

international coffee agreement (1945-1990)
- America fixed the coffee prices meaning coffee farmers can live off a decent liveable wage
- stop these countries becoming communist
- price collapsed by 60% once agreement over

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7
Q

What are the advantages of the trade for Ethiopia

A

increases employment levels
improves living standard
improves global popularity

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8
Q

what could be done to help Ethiopia
drawbacks of them?

A
  • Reintroduce the ICA (but it goes against free trade)
  • refine the coffee in Ethiopia (not developed enough)
  • increase the tax on TNCS (may drive them out)
  • coffee tax
  • Buy fair trade coffee (more expensive)
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9
Q

why is it so difficult for Ethiopia to use the coffee as a spur for development

A
  • They don’t decide their prices ( London and new York stock exchange )
  • coffee farmers get paid 0.01% of their sales prices
  • There imports are higher than their exports
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10
Q

what are the historical contexts of the Jamaica case study

A

1962 - Jamaica gained independence from the British empire
1973 - Economy struggles during an oil crisis
1975 - lome conversation signed to protect former British colony’s (Uk and Jamaica banana deal)
late 1970s - IMf loan $800 million

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11
Q

what was the banana war in Jamaica and the details

what IGO was involved

A

1975 - Uk agreed a deal saying they would buy there bananas from Jamaica to help farmers

mid 1990s - USA approached the WTO to stop the trade dispute around bananas. They said the agreement wasn’t ‘free trade. WTO backed the USA meaning they has access to European banana markets and because they are cheaper Jamaica bananas were no longer brought

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12
Q

What did the banana wars do in Jamaica

A

Caused the bankruptcy of of 150,000 Caribbean farmers

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13
Q

What was the IMFs involvement in Jamaica

A

They loaned Jamaica $800 million
however it has a 23% interest and now because Jamaica kept renegotiating they now owe the IMF $8 billion

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14
Q

What was the World banks involvement in Jamaica
what were the negatives

A

They made kingston free trade zone ( A SEZ )
They invest $200 million in free trade this attracted company’s due to tariff free trade
It bring many Jamaicans jobs 30,000 ‘

however
- The employees complained of low wage and exploitation so they got sacked and replaced with international workers
- Also many farmers lost profits and there for there crops and jobs

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15
Q

Where is the garment industry and what are the positives and negatives of the TNCs operating there

A

Bangladesh

positives - 3.6 million have been directly employed.
. 43% increase in exports in a one year period
. 10% of the nations GDP is made up from the garment industry

negatives - Safety regulations are often not enforced in factory’s (over 2000 injured in a year)
. child labour occurring
. the Bangladeshi economy has become reliant on the garment TNCs
. 80% of worker are uneducated women so they put up with the conditions and low pay

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16
Q

what are some facts/context about Coca Cola

and why is Coca Cola not available in North Korea and Cuba

A
  • Available in over 200 countries
  • 1.7 billion sold a day
  • directly employs 150,000
    -secret recipe only know by 7 people at one time
  • Invented in Atlanta, USA
  • They own 4/5 of the best soft drinks ( Coca Cola, Diet coke, Fanta, Sprite )

It isn’t sold in North Korea because it is highly communist and doesn’t trade with the rest of the world. It isn’t sold in Cuba because they don’t trade with America

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17
Q

why has Coca Cola become a huge company

What are the problems with it

A
  • Huge in advertisement campaigns e.g Christmas lorry, sponsorships
  • Biggest sponsors of the world cub and the Olympics (Linking cola to sport)
    Problems - links to obesity and poor health
  • have a 10% sugar tax on items in the Uk
  • promoting unhealthy drinks
  • Advertisements being moved after 9 at night
  • Consumptions may decline
18
Q

How does south Korea link to Rostow’s model

A
  • ‘traditional society’ before 1910 Japanese rule
  • Transition to ‘pre-conditions’ though the end of the colonial rule/conflict and their industrial revolution began
  • Growth of textiles, steel and electronics initiates the rapid ‘take-off’
  • They reached ‘Drive to maturity’ as the GDP increased substantially

They are now an advanced industrialised nation who shows factors of being in ‘age of high mass consumption’

19
Q

Does south Korea follow Rostow’s model

A

yes south Koreas growth is relatively consistent with Rostow’s model
First 3 stages in same amount of time

20
Q

What is the history and context behind North Korea

A
  • Japanese rule in 1910
  • Divide due to Korean war in 1950s
  • North backed by China, South backed by the USA
  • North inly trade with China
  • only hereditary dictatorship
  • one of the last communist regimes
  • controlled by state
21
Q

How is north Korea switched off
- Socially
- economically
- politically

A

socially - North Koreans cant leave
- access to western culture is banned
- minimal to foreign cultures
economic - 90% of imports come from China
- One of the 8 countries that have nuclear weapons
political - very strict communist regime
- everything controlled by the government
- only hereditary government

22
Q

Where is Ethiopia located and what is its life expectancy and GDP

A

North eastern Africa
Boarders Kenya to the south, Somalia to the east

life expectancy = 65.5 yrs
GDP = $2802.60

23
Q

What are the physical reasons Ethiopia is switched off
and political factors

A

physical - landlocked
- boarders Somalia who have a war and have bad relations with countries meaning they have bad relations
- thin soil, steep slopes

political- Many civil wars
- no repression the political opposition may be arrested or attacked if seen as a threat
- war with neighbouring country
- no free speech

24
Q

What are the social and economic factors that Ethiopia is switched off

A

social - Only 15% can access the internet
- Rapidly growing population
- Ethnic tensions
- only 8% of girls in rural Ethiopia attend secondary school

economic - limited TNC investment (H&M only major industry)
- average wage is $90 a month
- export low value goods (coffee beans)
- reliant on international aid

25
Q

describe the location of Zimbabwe

A

Southern Africa
Landlocked
south Africa to the south, Botswana west, Mozambique east and Zambia north

26
Q

What are the biggest reasons Zimbabwe is switched off

A

-UDI lasted 15 years ( country because isolated socially and economically)
- Famine ( worst drought in 4 decades and 60% of people are malnourished)
- Racial segregation and land distribution
- mass unemployment (70-80% unemployed)
- living conditions in cities (hight crime and squatter settlement common)
- Robert Mugabe regime
- physical geography and climate (landlocked only 2 seasons either wet or dry)
- war + conflicts
- disease and healthcare outbreaks (15% HIV positive)

27
Q

What is the historical background of Zimbabwe and the present day

A

History - became a British colony in 19th century
- long struggles of racial segregation
- 15 years of economic sanctions due to the UDI
- 5% of white people owned almost all land

present day - members of military attacking anyone with opposing views
- new currency because the other one was worthless
- droughts so crops aren’t growing
- people advocating for higher wages

28
Q

What happened under Robert Mugabe rule in (1980-2017)

A
  • He took land away from white farms however the people he gave it to were not farmers so agriculture declined “revolutionary land form”
  • violence from military massacres
  • maintained power through violent attacks on opposition members and corruption
  • only resigned in 2017
29
Q

Why should Venezuela be globalised and developed

A

Location - Not landlocked, boarders Brazil to the south
Resources - Largest oil reserves 18% of all oil is found there meaning large amount of trade/ relationships can be built
History - Part of the spanish empire (1522-1811) can mean trade relationships with former members

30
Q

What was Venezuela like before the crisis

A
  • Riches country in south America
  • used oil revenues to create welfare, housing etc
  • Government nationalised the oil industry and removed TNCs
  • Gave free oil to left leaning allies
  • Poverty rate fell from 48%-32%
    -malnourishment fell by 50%
31
Q

Why has Venezuela gone into crisis

A
  • Dependent on oil
  • Inflation of 13,000%
  • global oil prices collapsed in 2010 by 2/3 because of the Canada oil reserves being founded
  • huge inflation rates
  • currency devalued by 96%
  • USA refused to assist economically due to political reasons
32
Q

Has south Korea embraced globalisation?
and what were the problems at the end of the Korean war

A

yes they have embraced globalisation

  • There was no Peace treaty signed
  • Major infrastructural and economic damage (dependent on aid from the USA)
  • south Korea was one of the most poor in the world in 1955
33
Q

What are the political and economic factors for development is south Korea

A

political - Alliance with US + Japan
- democratic government
- Army coo ( military dictatorship. Built a steel factory and infrastructure and set up car company’s and a ship building industry

economic - policy reforms opened the country to foreign markets
- Korean technology (Samsung)/ automobile sector has grown abroad
- large TNCS
- Worker worked large hours with little pay

34
Q

What are the positives and negatives of globalisation in south Korea

A

positives - life expectancy and quality of living increased
- higher levels of human rights
- high performing education

negatives - high cost of living
- pressure in education
- Aging population ( by 2050 50% will be over 65 )
- Women’s rights aren’t good
- Gender pay gap

35
Q

Why has China grown in the past years?

A
  • Attracts billions of FDI
  • Huge man power (19% of global population)
  • Accounts for 18% of the worlds GDP
  • In 15 years they have built the whole of Europe’s housing stock
  • geographically secure
36
Q

what are some of the economic and environmental changes in the rise of China

A

. economic - 3rd Largest economy in the world
- Attracts million of FDI
- The economy in China has grew 7 times faster than the USA over the past decade
. environmental - Chinas large cities have the worst air quality in the world (Beijing and shanghai)
- Produces 40% of worlds green house gases
- Major sea ports and rivers became so polluted so water based species have become extinct

37
Q

what are the social changes in the rise of China

A
  • most western media banned
  • life expectancy grew from 36 to 76
  • 95% can read and write
  • 100 mill still in poverty
  • Average wage is around £500 an month
38
Q

What are some of the impacts of China’s growth on other countries

A

Huge amounts of pollution and loss of biodiversity due to green space being constantly destroyed and greenhouse gases being emitted

increase in trade disputes

39
Q

what are the environmental impacts of the rise of China

A
  • Air pollution in cites
  • River species
  • Three gorges Dam
  • Deforestation
40
Q

What are the impacts of Air pollution in cities and River species in China

A

. Air pollution - hazardous pollution levels
- 90% of Chinese cities failed the government pollution standards in 2015
- 20 of the top 50 most polluted cities are in China
- Overtook USA in being largest greenhouse gas producer in 2006
. River species - 1/3 river species in China has become extinct
- Extinction of the Baiji river dolphins
- 1/2 of all water supplies are deemed unsafe for human computation

41
Q

what are the impacts of Three gorges dam and deforestation on the rise of China

A

Three gorges dam - Largest dam in the world
- relocated 1.2 million
- flooded 13 major cities and 140 large towns
- disrupts natural system e.g. deposition
Deforestation - 14% of China is covered by forests
- Illegal logging and slash and burn agriculture consume up to 5000 square kilometres of virgin forest a year
- mountains in the southwest have suffered serious deforestation

geography (globalisation) (2 decks)

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