Case Studies Flashcards
Where is Brick Lane located?
Brick Lane is a street in east London in the borough of Tower Hamlets
What are the nearest London Underground stations to Brick Lane?
Aldgate East and Liverpool Street
What is the nearest London Overground station to Brick Lane?
Shoreditch High Street Station
How big is the borough of Tower Hamlets?
8 miles squared
What is the population of Tower Hamlets?
200,000
Is Tower Hamlets a densely populated borough?
Yes, it is one of the most densely populated boroughs in the country
Give some famous landmarks found in the Tower Hamlets borough
- The Tower of London (a world heritage site)
- Canary Wharf
- Petticoat Lane Market
- Brick Lane (the UK’s ‘Curry Capital’)
- The Whitechapel Gallery
- half of Tower Bridge
How many stations are in the Tower Hamlets borough?
29
How ethnically diverse is the borough of Tower Hamlets?
It is very ethnically diverse, with just under half the population being Black and Ethnic Minority, and around 110 languages are spoken in its schools
What plan did the Tower Hamlets council announce in 2010?
A £1.85 million plan to provide a Brick Lane Cultural Trail, including two hijab-shaped arches and information boards.
Re-imaging example
The Albert Docks in Liverpool
When did the Albert Docks in Liverpool experience industrial decline?
In the 1980s when the docks closed
How much was spent in the city of Liverpool during its re-imaging?
Over £2.8 million
What percentage increase in tourists did the Albert Docks see, as a result of the re-imaging?
A 30% increase in tourists
Give one way that it can be seen that the Albert Docks re-imaging in Liverpool was a success?
In 2004, the waterfront in Liverpool was awarded a UNESCO World Heritage site for the important history that the docks held. (Although, they have recently lost this)
How much derelict land was there at the Albert Docks in Liverpool before re-imaging took place?
4 km squared
When was Liverpool awarded the European Capital of Culture?
In 2008
What was Liverpool awarded in 2008?
The European Capital of Culture
Give two places where rebranding has taken place
- Amsterdam
- Glasgow
Rebranding in Amsterdam
- ‘I Amsterdam’ slogan has been used
- It is the most photographed site in the city, being photographed over 8,000 times a day on sunny days. The use of social media means that this image has spread all over the world.
- 20 million visitors a year before the pandemic, but could be considered ‘too successful’, for it has priced the locals out of the centre of Amsterdam
Rebranding in Glasgow
- in 2013, the slogan ‘People Make Glasgow’ was introduced as the new brand name for Scotland’s largest city
- it was chosen not from the insiders, but instead was chosen following a crowdsourcing social media campaign involving more than 1,500 people from 42 countries
- because it didn’t consider insider perspectives, it has been a bit of a failure. There was no insider involvement, it wasn’t shared on social media, it was just a few banners in the streets - not a big sign like Amsterdam.
- therefore, it didn’t really take off
Example of redevelopment
The London Docklands
What does the LDDC stand for?
London Docklands Development Corporation
What were the causes of decline in the London docks?
- increase in ship size meant that deeper water was necessary and so, the docks were relocated to Tilbury, which is 20 miles downstream
- container ships are now widely used to transport goods and the docks simply were not big enough to support such big ships
- there have been technological advances, such as computerisation, leading to a decline in jobs, for many roles were being taken over by computers
What did the LDDC do to improve the area of the London Docklands?
- they planted over 160,000 trees and created 17 conservation areas
- they built over 190,800 new homes = caused a rise in population
- the unemployment rate has dropped sufficiently from 14.2% unemployed in 1981 to 9.5% unemployed in 1996
- they also worked on the light railway, which carries over 320,000 customers a week
What are the successes of the London Docklands redevelopment?
- light railway provided people with an easy method to commute
- more housing - in 1988, nearly 9000 new houses had been built
- more employment
What are the failures of the London Docklands redevelopment?
- over 80% of the new houses were private sale, making them too expensive for locals
- just 13% of the incoming firms to new jobs created are locals
- there was a mis-match of skills between the established docklands population and the jobs created. Many of the jobs required additional skills and experience that many did not have.
What were the London Docklands like prior to redevelopment?
- between 1961 and 1971 nearly 83,000 jobs were lost in the 5 boroughs in the Docklands area
- this resulted in a population decline of around a 20% decrease
- in 1981, 60% of the area was derelict, vacant or under-used
When were the London Docklands closed?
1981
Have endogenous or exogenous factors been the most important in shaping Brick Lane?
Exogenous
When did the Truman Brewery open?
1666
What did the Truman Brewery produce when it was opened?
Ale
Who did the Truman Brewery sell the site to?
The Zeloof Partnership
When did the Truman Brewery sell the site to the Zeloof Partnership?
1995
What did the Zeloof Partnership turn the site into?
They turned the 10-acre site into workshops, recording studios, apartments, galleries etc.
How many passengers undertook flights in 2016?
3.7 billion passengers
Who was the first person to recognise gentrification?
Ruth Glass
What is an affordable housing site in Brick Lane?
Carter House
Who threatened to demolish Carter House?
EastendHomes
What did EastendHomes want to replace Carter House with?
Modern flats. They wanted to knock it down for profit, but it means many of the Bangladeshi community wouldn’t be able to afford to live there.
Was the protest against EastendHomes demolishing Carter House won?
Yes
Around how many privately-owned units are found within Carter House?
About 60%
How much social housing can be found within Carter House?
About 40%
Homes sold for £1 scheme
In 2013, Liverpool city council sold 20 derelict houses for £1 each. Buyers had to show that they were capable of doing the house up and had to live in the property for 5 years without subletting it. There were about 1000 applicants for each house and the scheme has now been extended to other houses and shops in the area with the overall aim to improve the built environment and make it a thriving community again.
Give an example of where gentrification has taken place
Bellevue Road, London
What was Bellevue Road like 20 years ago?
It was a quiet street lined with shops serving a long-established working class population
What is Bellevue Road like now?
It now has delicatessens, wine bars, picture galleries, ‘alfresco’ diners and three estate agencies. Terraces of Mid-Victorian cottages show no evidence of the uniformity which existed 20 years ago.
What percentage of Brick Lane is Bangladeshi?
41%
How many households in Tower Hamlets live below the poverty line?
4/10
What percentage of retail activity along Brick Lane was curry restaurants in 2014?
19%
What percentage of retail activity along Brick Lane was curry restaurants in 2019?
10%
Why is changing consumer practices leading to problems for curry houses?
Since the early 2000s, significant lunch breaks in businesses have become increasingly rare and one consequence of this change in working practices has been that many companies in the City have expanded or upgraded their canteens. There are also more choices for ‘grab-and-go’ options, such as Costa.
What does IMD stand for?
Index of Multiple Deprivation
What are the 7 categories of the IMD?
- income
- employment
- education
- health
- crime
- barriers to housing + services
- living environment
Advantages of the IMD
- comparing small areas across England
- identifying the most deprived small areas
- exploring the domains (or types) of deprivation
- comparing larger administrative areas (e.g., local authorities)
- looking at changes in relative deprivation between iterations (i.e., changes in ranks)
- considers a range of factors - doesn’t just rely on economic. Uses 39 data sets feeding into 7 categories.
- visually clear to understand
- zooms in on detail
Disadvantages of the IMD
- doesn’t quantifyhow deprived a small area is
- can’t see how deprived individuals are
- doesn’t say how affluent a place is
- it is just for England
- doesn’t measure absolute change in deprivation over time
- only gives us a relative measure of deprivation (can’t get actual figures from it)
How much were the Hijab gates going to cost, had the plans gone ahead?
£1.85 million of public funds
Why were the Hijab gates unpopular by many?
- they risked inflaming racial tension
- create a stereotypical image of Islam by endorsing the practice of the veil that not all Muslim women are happy with
- huge waste of money
Give someone who was strongly against the Hijab gates and wrote to the council about it
Tracey Emin
Evidence that there is strong racism in Brick Lane even today
The council still fits flats with fire-proof letter boxes to prevent arson attacks on Bangladeshi homes
Who was murdered in Brick Lane?
Altab Ali
When was Altab Ali murdered?
4th May 1978
How many Bengalis held a protest march behind Altab Ali’s coffin?
About 7000
How was Altab Ali killed?
He was stabbed by 3 racist thugs
How old was Altab Ali when he was killed?
25
What did the 2011 census say about unemployment rates for Bangladeshi people?
25% of Bangladeshi people were unemployed
What percentage of people in Harpenden own a property?
87.8%
In what sector are most people in Harpenden employed?
29.8% are in professional occupations
What was Harpenden like in the 1950s?
- there was a second railway line
- it was a bit more agricultural (now, it’s more residential and commercial)
What type of town is Harpenden?
A commuter town
What percentage of Harpenden is White British?
92%
What percentage of Harpenden is Bangladeshi?
0%
Are most shops in Harpenden independently owned or clones?
Most are independently owned
What percentage of the shops in Harpenden are independently owned?
56%
Brick lane painter
Hashim Akib
Brick Lane poet
Sammy Brough
How does Sammy Brough present Brick Lane in his poem ‘Brick Lane’?
- ‘Walls adorned with art Lane’
- ’ “Come for best curry” Lane’
- ‘Scary in the dark Lane’
Give a local Harpenden artist
Tabitha Mary
What age are the highest proportion of people in Harpenden?
40-50 years old
What percentage of people in Harpenden are of working age?
Around 60%
What age is the highest proportion of people in Brick Lane?
20-30 years old
What did John Agnew say about place?
That place is location + meaning
Where did Doreen Massey use to illustrate her concept of a Global Sense of Place?
Kilburn High Road
How is Harpenden connected to London?
By the M1 and Thameslink Rail Services
Which London Borough is Brick Lane in?
Tower Hamlets
What does the IMD show about Harpenden?
The whole town is in the two least deprived deciles
