Case Formulation

Question 1

Psychoanalysis

Answer 1

Sigmund Freud, 1896

Question 2

Positive psychology

Answer 2

Seligman, 2000

Question 3

Multicomponent positive psychology intervention including broaden-and-build theory and ACT

Answer 3

Valiente et al., 2022
Higher levels of self-acceptance, environmental mastery, higher rating on the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS)

Boraden-and-build theory (Fredrickson, 1998)

Question 4

Group CBT + positive psychology on university students

Answer 4

Zuo and Zhang, 2023

Question 5

Conditions for which CBT showed efficacy

Answer 5

Nakao et al., 2021

Question 6

Review of CBT RCTs, and effect on HRQoL?

Answer 6

Fordham et al., 2021

Question 7

CBT proved more effective than psychodynamic therapy, but not more or less than others (interpersonal or supportive)

Answer 7

Tolin, 2010

Question 8

Theoretical and philosophical foundation of ACT

Answer 8

Hayes and Pierson, 1999

Question 9

Philosophical foundation of ACT

Answer 9

Functional contextualism

Question 10

Theoretical foundation of ACT

Answer 10

Relational Frame Theory (RFT)

Question 11

Relational Frame Theory (RFT)

Answer 11

Hayes, 1991

Question 12

Third wave CBT info

Answer 12

Hayes and Hofmann, 2017

Question 13

CBT info

Answer 13

Carr, 1957

Question 14

Classical conditioning

Answer 14

Pavlov, 1897

Question 15

Systematic desensitisation

Answer 15

Wolpe, 1958

Question 16

Extinction occurs when person is exposed to CS repeatedly without US (exposure therapy)

Answer 16

Mowrer, 1960

Question 17

Cognitive theories of psychopathology

Answer 17

Beck, 1976

Question 18

Downward arrow technique

Answer 18

Burns, 1999

Question 19

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) (ABC formulation)

Answer 19

Ellis, 1957

Question 20

Operant conditioning

Answer 20

Skinner, 1957

Question 21

Token economies

Answer 21

Ayllon and Azrin, 1968

Question 22

Concepts related to CBT

Answer 22

• Operant conditioning
• Classical conditioning
• Exposure therapy
• Systemic desensitisation
• Cognitive theories of psychopathology
• Downward arrow technique
• Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy (REBT) (ABC)
• Token economies

Question 23

An idiographically based framework providing clinicians with a systematic and flexible means of addressing problems

Answer 23

Peters, 2020

Question 24

Formulation provides understanding that becomes foundation upon which treatment is based
Hypothesis based on data to explain the present
Social, biological, psychological factors

Answer 24

Seizer and Ellen, 2014

Question 25

ELS info

Answer 25

Herzberg and Gunner, 2021

Question 26

ACE info

Answer 26

Tzouvara et al., 2023

Question 27

96% of samples studied are WEIRD, despite being 16% of the world’s population

Answer 27

Schacter, 2020