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Sem 3 > Case 8 > Flashcards

Case 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Catecholamine

A

catchol ring with an amine side chain, derived from tyrosine

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2
Q

Tyrosine

A

dietary essential, transports across the BBB, converted to L-DOPA in the brain

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3
Q

Tyrosine hydroxylase

A

converts tyrosine to L-DOPA

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4
Q

L-DOPA

A

Precursor for dopamine

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5
Q

DOPA decarboxylase

A

converts L-DOPA to dopamine

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6
Q

Dopamine

A

catcholamine

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7
Q

D1 receptors

A

D1 receptors – type 1 and 5, G-protein coupled receptors linked to stimulatory neurotransmission

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8
Q

D2 receptors

A

type 2, 3, 4, G-protein coupled receptors linked to inhibitory neurotransmission

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9
Q

D2 short

A

pre-synaptically situated, autoreceptors, serves to regulate dopamine levels in synaptic cleft

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10
Q

D2 long

A

– postsynaptic receptor

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11
Q

Nigrostriatal

A

pars compacta to caudate and putamen, where is regulates the role of the basal ganglia

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12
Q

Mesolimbic

A

ventral tegmental area in the midbrain to the limbic regions

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13
Q

Mesocortical

A

ventral tegmental area in the midbrain to the frontal cortex

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14
Q

Tuberoinfundibular

A

tuberal region to median eminence, dopamine acts to inhibit prolactin release

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15
Q

Schizophrenia

A

mental health disorder with abnormal behaviour

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16
Q

Positive symptom

A

Extra behaviours such as hallucination or delusion

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17
Q

Negative symptoms

A

withdrawn behaviours

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18
Q

Delusion

A

incorrect belief

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19
Q

Reference delusion

A

believes passages are directed at them

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20
Q

Persecution delusion

A

external forces trying to damage them

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21
Q

Control delusion

A

believes someone controls ones thoughts

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22
Q

Bizarre delusion

A

totally abnormal delusion

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23
Q

Grandiosity delusion

A

believe they have a divine purpose

24
Q

Hypochrondriacal delusion

A

Belief that they are rotten or diseased

25
Q

Hallucination

A

perception without an object

26
Q

Stereotypies

A

purposeless acts that are carried out repetitively

27
Q

Catatonia

A

expressionless, motionless and mute

28
Q

Catalepsy

A

limbs can be manipulated

29
Q

Neologisms

A

new words invented

30
Q

Echolalia

A

repeat what another person is saying

31
Q

Echpraxia

A

mimics another person

32
Q

Affective flattening

A

lose natural reactions to usual social cues

33
Q

-

A

-

34
Q

Premorbid phase

A

no major symptom, some general coping deficiences, may only realise this phase in retrospect

35
Q

Prodromal phase

A

subclinical symptoms

36
Q

Prodrome

A

early symptom that may indicate the start of a disease, before specific symptoms occur

37
Q

Middle phase

A

symptomatic periods

38
Q

Late illness phase

A

illness pattern established, stabilisation

39
Q

Dopamine hypothesis

A

drugs which increase dopamine (cocaine) cause positive symptoms, drugs which block D2 receptors positively treat schizophrenia

40
Q

Glutamate hypothesis

A

diminished activation of NMDA in the brain

41
Q

Glutamate NMDA receptor

A

N-methyl-D-aspartate

42
Q

Haloperidol

A

strong D2 antagonist, conventional antipsychotic, acts at other receptors (↑ side effects)

43
Q

Olanzapine

A

Weak D2 antagonist, 2nd generation, more selective than conventional

44
Q

Risperidone

A

Strong D2 antagonist, atypical, excess of dopamine in mesocortical tract-elimination of negative symptoms

45
Q

Clozapine

A

Weak D2 antagonist, 2nd generation, used in treatment resistant schizophrenia, abundant side effects, best binds D4

46
Q

Treatment resistant schizophrenia

A

if 2 antipsychotics fail

47
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

idiosyncratic response, hyperthermia, tachycardia, muscular rigisity

48
Q

Hyperprolactinaemia

A

increased prolactiv release due to reduced D2 in the tuberinfundibular pathway

49
Q

EIS

A

early intervention service they deal with first episodes then hang around for 3 years to help schizophrenics get back to work and school and normality

50
Q

prevalence of schizophrenia

A

1%

51
Q

More common in men or women

A

men

52
Q

Change of developing if you have a first degree relative with schizophrenia

A

10%

53
Q

Monozygotic twin concordance of schizophrenia

A

50%

54
Q

non-identical twin concordance

A

15-18%

55
Q

Effect if you smoke cannabis

A

double, or 6times if you smoke in your teens

Sem 3 (6 decks)

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